Archetypes

1. Archetypes Prototype, original pattern, model, recurrent type

2. Significance of the hero • The hero is the personification of culture • The hero is someone from who something has been taken • A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than his or herself.

3. Hero’s Journey • Intro, from The Power of Myth, with Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSWcIcOcDvU • The Hero Abridged: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJwPIiUPfK4&list=PLR6rytGOJn7mjaDchlzMSCyslMc2hdIxm&index=1

4. The Hero’s Journey • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SB_Q1gFsvIw&list=PLR6rytGOJn7mjaDchlzMSCyslMc2hdIxm&index=2

6. I. Environment • The hero is often a foster child, separate from his parents by death , distance, or intelligence • The hero feels a restlessness with his environment. He doesn’t quite fit in and longs for something more

7. II. Call to Adventure (Departure/Separation) • Immersed in the mundane ORDINARY WORLD, the hero receives a CALL TO ADVENTURE– this “call” signifies that everything is going to change, whether he/she is conscious of this change or not The HERALD provides the hero with this “call,” and serves as a messenger or harbinger

8. III. Refusal of the Call The HERO, at first, REFUSES the CALL TO ADVENTURE, due to fear, self-doubt, or the journey may even conflict with his/her sense of duty. The hero may discover the truth about his/her past The hero often receives guidance or a special item that will aid him/her on his/her journey

9. IV. Meeting the Mentor • Once the hero has consciously or unconsciously accepted the call, the MENTOR appears. • The MENTOR is often the wise man who teaches him/her secret skills/knowledge that will aid him/her on his/her journey The mentor, typically a wise old man or woman, is someone who has once walked the hero’s path. His/her role is to pass on advice to the hero. Occasionally, the mentor joins the hero on his/her quest and sometimes only appears in the hero’s memory.

10. Other HELPERS: • The ALLY: someone who aids the hero on his/her journey (the ALLY is often a hero in his/her right, but his/her purpose is to aid the hero) • The SIDEKICK – always there for the hero yet does not experience growth or benefit from the journey • SUPERNATURAL AID – the hero is often given BOONS or TALISMANS to aid him/her on his/her journey

11. V. Crossing the Threshold “We’re not in Kansas anymore.”

12. V. Crossing the Threshold The platform from the ordinary world to a land of magic and Hogwart’s school for wizardry. The door from the ordinary world to Narnia. • The THRESHOLD symbolizes that the hero has left his/her ordinary world behind and is entering a mysterious and unfamiliar, and hence, dangerous realm where the boundaries and limits are not known. • Once the hero then CROSSES THE THRESHOLD, he/she has officially embarked on his/her adventure.

13. Threshold Guardians Once past the threshold, the hero must face the THRESHOLD GUARDIANS before he/she may enter this new realm.

14. Threshold Guardians • This is the hero’sfirst test – he must prove himselfworthy and earn his passage into this new realm • The THRESHOLD GUARDIANS make the hero rethink whether or not he/she wishes to continue on his/her adventure.

15. Belly of the Whale • The BELLY OF THE WHALE is a Biblical allusion to Jonah and the Whale. • The BELLY OF THE WHALE represents the hero’s final separation, as he is at the point where he is transitioning between worlds and selves. • The BELLY OF THE WHALE is often represented by something dark, unknown, and dangerous (as ALL change is frightening).

16. Belly of the Whale • The hero, at this stage, becomes willing to “die” to him/herself (a metaphorical death, as the hero has accepted the new path. • The hero, at this stage, undergoes a metamorphosis and becomes willing to “die” to him/herself This death is a metaphorical, as the hero’s new world and new self begin to emerge.

17. VI. Initiation • The hero has proved his/herself worthy before the THRESHOLD GUARDIANS and now must face “a road of trials,” tasks and ordeals the hero must undergo before his final transformation.

18. Initiation: Two Types of Trials • PHYSICAL TRIAL SPIRITUAL TRIAL The hero learns to experience the superhuman range of spiritual life and returns with this message. The hero must undergo a physically draining task or he/she must fight valiantly to save lives.

19. Other Battles • Brother Battle: physical or psychological battle with a “brother,” either a blood or symbolic brother • Dragon Battle: the hero battles literal or psychological dragons. Whether figurative or literal, the hero must slay this dragon before he can continue on his/her journey. • Abduction/Sea Journey/Night Journey: The hero, or someone close to the hero, is abducted. The hero is transported by sea /night, or the hero chases the captors by sea/night

20. VII: Approach and Preparation (Approaching the Inmost Cave) • This approach leads to the “heart” of the hero’s journey, to the “Supreme Ordeal” • Maps or battle plans may be drawn in preparation for the Supreme Ordeal the hero must face • The approach may be lighthearted – a time for jokes or romance, or full of tension

21. VIII. The Supreme Ordeal • Occurs when the hero faces the central crisis of his/her journey • There is a central theme of death and change. • Prior to this point, the hero battled minions and threshold guardians; he now must face his worst enemy. • Whatever the outcome, the hero will emerge forever changed.

22. The Supreme Ordeal, (cont.) • Joseph Campbell posits that the hero may face other archetypal situations during the SUPREME ORDEAL: - MEETING WITH THE GODDESS - ATONEMENT WITH THE FATHER - APOTHEOSIS/RESURRECTION

23. IX. The Reward • The Hero receives a reward. However, his/her tests/trials are not over.

24. X. The Return (The Road Back) • The hero’s road back is fraught with tests and trial - sometimes a new obstacle arises that attempts to block the hero’s return • Archetypal scenarios: - Magic Flight: hero is chased after he achieves his/her goal - Rescue from Without: Sometimes the hero needs outside guides to help him/her return to the ordinary world - The Crossing of the Return Threshold: at times, the hero does not wish to return (Why would he/she wish to return to the ordinary world?) - Master of the Two Worlds: the hero has achieved a “balance between the physical and spiritual worlds (a Jesus or Buddha-like figure) and is competent in both the inner and outer world. - Freedom to Live: Hero has surpassed his fear of death, hence, he has gained the “freedom to live.” He/she lives in the “moment.”

25. XI. Resurrection/Apotheosis • The hero must have his most dangerous meeting with death • In order to fully transform, the hero must have a symbolic death: he/she must give up his/her old life • The hero is reborn with new knowledge and is forever transformed

26. XII. Magical Elixir/ The Ultimate Boon • The achievement of the goal of the quest • The hero brings this BOON back to his/her people, but only he/she can fully reap the benefits of the ELIXER, as only he/she possess that deeper understanding of the reward (experience)

27. The Hero’s Journey • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SB_Q1gFsvIw&list=PLR6rytGOJn7mjaDchlzMSCyslMc2hdIxm&index=2