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The Immune Response Honors A&P Lemon Bay High School

The Immune Response Honors A&P Lemon Bay High School. The Immune Response Immunity : “ Free from burden” Ability of an organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogens or antigens. Immune Response: Third line of defense Involves production of antibodies

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The Immune Response Honors A&P Lemon Bay High School

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  1. The Immune Response Honors A&P Lemon Bay High School

  2. The Immune Response Immunity: • “Free from burden” • Ability of an organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogens or antigens. Immune Response: • Third line of defense • Involves production of antibodies • generation of specialized lymphocytes against specific antigens. Antigen: • Molecules from a pathogen or foreign organism that provoke a specific immune response.

  3. The Immune System is the Third Line of Defense Against Infection

  4. T - Lymphocyte activation B - Lymphocyte activation and Production of antibodies

  5. Components of Human ImmunITY

  6. Classification of acquired immune responses • Natural or artificial • How was immune response gained? • Cell-mediated or humoral • How is the body reacting?

  7. Natural vs. artificial

  8. Acquired ImmunityNatural: Gained in the course of daily life NATURAL ACTIVE • Antigens/pathogens enter the body. • Body generates an immune response. • Can be lifelong (chickenpox) or temporary Influenza). NATURAL PASSIVE • Antibodies pass from other to fetus (placenta) or mother to baby (breast milk). • Not responding to antigens. • Temporary ~ 8 weeks.

  9. Acquired Immunityartificial: gained through vaccination or immune serum. artificial ACTIVE • Antigens introduced through vaccination. • Body generates an immune response to the antigen. • Can be lifelong (polio) or temporary (tetanus). artificial PASSIVE • Preformed antibodies (antiserum) introduced by injection. • Host immune system does not respond to antibodies. • Temporary ~ 3 weeks

  10. Cell-mediated vs. antibody-mediated

  11. Antibody-Mediated (humoral) Immunity • Involves production of antibodies against foreign antigens. • Antibodies are a class of proteins produced by B-cell lymphocytes. • Antibodies are found in extracellular fluids (blood plasma, lymph, mucus, etc.) and on the surface of B cells. • Defense against bacteria, bacterial toxins, and viruses that circulate freely in body fluids, before they enter cells. • Also cause certain reactions against transplanted tissue.

  12. Antibodies are Proteins that Recognize Specific Antigens

  13. Antibodies are Produced by B-cell Lymphocytes t-cell Lymphocytes are produced in the thymus gland early in life.

  14. Cell Mediated Immunity • Involves T-cells lymphocytes that recognize foreign antigens. • T-cells regulate proliferation and activity of other cells of the immune system. • Defense against: • Bacteria and viruses that are inside host cells and are inaccessible to antibodies. • Fungi, protozoa, and worms • Cancer cells • Transplanted tissue

  15. Antigen- antibody reactions

  16. Consequences of Antigen-Antibody Binding Antigen-Antibody Complex: Formed when an antibody binds to an antigen it recognizes. 1. Agglutination: Antibodies cause antigens (microbes) to clump together. • Example: Hemagglutination: Agglutination of red blood cells. 2. Opsonization: Antigen (microbe) is covered with antibodies that enhances its ingestion and lysis by phagocytic cells.

  17. Overview of the Immune Response

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