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Cell Growth & Division: Why Cells Need to Divide?

Explore the reasons why cells need to divide, including growth of organisms, DNA functionality, material transport, tissue repair, and reproduction. Learn about the consequences of large cells and the cell cycle.

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Cell Growth & Division: Why Cells Need to Divide?

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  1. EOC Level2

  2. Cell Growth & Division Why do you think cells need to divide?

  3. Cells divide for three reasons… • 1. Growth of organism • DNA cannot function in a large cell. • Materials cannot be transported through the cell fast enough. • 2. Repair of tissues • 3. Reproduction

  4. Consequences of Large Cells • 1. SA:V ratio gets smaller; things cannot get in and out of the cell quick enough. • 2.Large animals do not have large cells.

  5. Figure 4.2 Why Cells Are Small (Part 1) l x w x 6 l x w x h

  6. Cell Cycle • Interphase(longest part of the cell cycle) • Interphase includes all the time that the cell is not dividing. • G1 (Growth 1) • S (Synthesis) - DNA copies • G2 (Growth 2) - cell prepares for division • Mitosis-nucleus divides • Cytokinesis-cell divides

  7. Reading , Math & Science • Egg Donation News Feature • Why We Should Exercise

  8. Assignment- Exit Slip • Calculate the surface area to volume ratio for a cuboidal cell with 1.5cm, 2.5cm, 4cm, and 10cm. • Predict what problems a 10cm cell would have vs. a 1.5 cm cell would have.

  9. Assignment- Exit Slip • Read 10.1 and 10.2 complete all section questions. p240 • Calculate the surface area to volume ratio for a cuboidal cell with 1.5cm, 2.5cm, 4cm, and 10cm. • Predict what problems a 10cm cell would have vs. a 1.5 cm cell would have. • Rd. 253, answer the following: • Explain why scientists are interested in SC when your body can replicate its own cells. • Propose another alternative to SCR relating to cell division. • List two ways researchers can use stem cells to help people.

  10. Anticipatory Set 11-12-13 • ___ Which of the following is a requirement for all active transport processes? • A. ADP • B. ATP • C. AFP • D. AQP

  11. Analyze the diagram above, what process is taking place, and what type of cell transport process is this? A. phagocytosis, passive transport B. phagocytosis, active transport C. receptor mediated endocytosis, passive transport D. exocytosis, active transport

  12. Using the diagram, the process that will occur following the process shown in the diagram to expel any unneeded contents would most likely be? (B.1.g, DOK2) • A. endocytosis • B. pinocytosis • C. exocytosis • D. phagocytosis

  13. Read and List 2 reasons the nucleus divides. • Mitosis is the process of nuclear division. The cell divides because the DNA would not be able to code for all the traits necessary of a large cell, and because substances can not enter and exit a cell fast enough • mitosis animation • mitosis song • How cancer works

  14. Interphase • The longest period of the cell cycle. • DNA duplicates during this phase. • Centrioles divide. • Centrioles are a type of cytoskeleton that is only visible when the cell is dividing. Otherwise they are incognito.

  15. After interphase mitosis begins What is dividing in mitosis?

  16. Prophase • Step 1 of mitosis • Centrioles separate. • Spindle fibers form. • Nucleus disappears. • Chromosomes tighten up and prepare to move.

  17. Metaphase • Step 2 of mitosis • Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. • Chromosomes connect to spindle fibers at their centromere.

  18. Anaphase • Step 3 of mitosis • Chromosomes are pulled by the spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell.

  19. Telophase • Step 4 of mitosis • Chromosomes separate. • Two nuclei reform

  20. Cytokinesis • Following mitosis, cytokinesis occurs. • Cytoplasm pinches in half and two identical daughter cells result. • In plant cells a cell plate will form • Mitosis Greenday Song

  21. Review of the Cell Cycle • 1.Interphase • 2. Prophase • 3. Metaphase • 4. Anaphase • 5. Telophase • 6. Cytokinesis

  22. Name that Phase

  23. Metaphase Interphase Prophase List the 6 stages of the cell cycle, and circle the stages that include mitosis. Anaphase Telophase

  24. Review of the Cell Cycle • 1.Interphase • 2. Prophase • 3. Metaphase • 4. Anaphase • 5. Telophase • 6. Cytokinesis • Mitosis Animation I- Cells Alive • Mitosis Animation II-Higher Ed • Mitosis Animation III-Hybrid Medical

  25. 11-27-11 • 1. What three reasons cause the cell to divide? • Calculate the change of concentration of hydrogen in a pH of 2 to a pH of 5. • Calculate SA:V ratio for a cube cell with a length of 5nm. • WRITE THESE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS DOWN FOR A GRADE.

  26. CREATE THIS BY END OF CLASS! • Use two colors of paper to complete the following: • Diagram and label the 6 stages of the cell cycle (one color for interphase and cytokinesis, one color for 4 stages of mitosis • Describe what is happening in each stage. • Use the yarn to make spindle fibers and colored paper to make chromosomes. • Must have 3 chromosomes per diagram.

  27. Mitosis Math • What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? • What % of the cell’s life does it comprise? • What is the shortest phase of the cell cycle? • What % of the cell’s life does it comprise?

  28. Cancer • The inability of cells to regulate cell division. • Cancer = uncontrolled cell division. • Tumors = result in masses of cells that have uncontrollably divided. • Many factors such as tobacco, radiation, and some viruses may lead to the breakdown of cell division regulation.

  29. Cancer • Craniotomy

  30. SOLVE the Problem • Amazing Pass

  31. Calculate the following: Show equation • Below are given the length of a cell’s life. Calculate the amount of time it spends in Interphase and mitosis. • 1. 9 days 9. 3 months • 2. 4 hours 10. 10 minutes • 3. 16 days 11. 15 months • 4. 2 years 12. 3 years • 5. 5 minutes 13. 14.5 days • 6. 17 hours 14. 19.2 months • 7. 40 months 15. 3.1 years • 8. 18 days

  32. Mitosis vs. Meiosis MITOSIS MEIOSIS Sex cell division Start with a full set of chromosomes from mom and dad (diploid=2n), end with only half the starting number (haploid=n) Sex cells can only have _______ a set of chromosomes because they will fuse and form ________. ½ + ½ = 1 • Somatic cell division • Start with a full set of chromosomes from mom and dad (diploid=2n), end with a diploid.

  33. Meiosis Animation-Cells Alive Meiosis Animation II

  34. Exit Slip • Draw the process of meiosis as shown on page 276, and give a brief description of each phase.

  35. Know its time to dance

  36. Vocabulary List #7 • Mitosis- somatic cell division • Meiosis- sex cell division • Anerobic- without oxygen • Aerobic- with oxygen • Ose- sugar • Ase- enzyme • DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid • Nucleotide- monomer of DNA • Double helix- twisted ladder, shape of DNA • Cancer- uncontrolled cell division

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