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R-410A Refrigerant Certification Course

R-410A Refrigerant Certification Course. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY 2008. Topics. Safety Rules & Regulations Oils Tools Charging Recommendations. Links to info. sites History & Names HFC phase-out Properties of R-410A Chemistry Temp./ Pressure chart. About website links.

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R-410A Refrigerant Certification Course

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  1. R-410A Refrigerant Certification Course DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY 2008

  2. Topics • Safety • Rules & Regulations • Oils • Tools • Charging • Recommendations • Links to info. sites • History & Names • HFC phase-out • Properties of R-410A • Chemistry • Temp./ Pressure chart DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  3. About website links Some slides contain links to websites where you can access added information. These links are in light blue text. Depending on the speed of your internet connection, you may have to wait for the linked sites to load and appear on screen. After visiting a site, just close the window while leaving your browser open. This will return you to this training program. If you aren’t interested, just don’t click the links. If you don’t have a high-speed internet connection, you have probably already learned patience. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  4. Who invented R-410A? • AlliedSignal was an aerospace, automotive and engineering company that acquired and merged with Honeywell for $15 billion in 1999, after which the new group adopted the Honeywell name. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  5. Allied Signal • Products include Fram filters, Autolite spark plugs and Prestone anti-freeze. • Genetron refrigerants. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  6. Names, lots of names • Genetron AZ-20 is Honeywell's original name for R-410A, a Honeywell invention that entered the scene in a test market in 1993 as a chlorine-free R-22 replacement. With its energy efficiency and none-ozone depletion advantages over R-22, R-410A is now the leading replacement for R-22 in new residential air conditioners. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  7. Other Names • Carrier calls it Puron • Dupont calls it Suva 9100 • Rheem calls it ProZone • Lennox calls it Environ • Sanyo calls it Cooleron DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  8. It’s all the same stuff . . . R-410A • In fact, if you buy a jug of “Puron”, it will probably have Allied Signal’s or Honeywell’s name on it. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  9. Bye-bye R-22! • R-22 will disappear from the new equipment marketplace by year 2010. • Manufacturers have already begun to phase out their R-22 equipment offerings. • R-410A is the refrigerant of choice to replace R-22. • It has already begun to do so. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  10. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  11. R-22 Phase-out News Update • Final phase-out remains year 2020. • Previously mandated reductions were 65% of 1989 production levels by 2010. • Revised reductions are 75% by 2010. • China, India & Mexico will move up their R-22 equipment phase-out by 10 years. • Source: The News; Oct. 2007 DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  12. Some advertisers may be guilty of exaggeration. • For an impartial, third party discussion of the phase-out of HCFCs like R-22, you and your customers can go to the website of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) at: R-22 phase-out discussion at EPA website DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  13. Why is R-410A so desirable? • Operates in the same temperature ranges as R-22. • The cooling equipment can share the same basic design as traditional equipment. • For example . . . DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  14. 70 235 R-22 122 380 41° F. R-410A 113° F. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  15. R-410A • Cylinder color: rose (pink). • R-22 comes in a green cylinder. • Never mix these refrigerants together. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  16. Characteristics of R-410A • Operates at pressures about 60% higher than R-22. • Used with POE oil. • For new, specially-designed equipment only. • Cannot be retrofitted into older equipment !!! DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  17. Other characteristics • A 500 micron vacuum will NOT remove all moisture from the system. • The POE oil grabs onto water and won’t give it up to our vacuum pumps. • Always install a filter drier on the liquid line whenever the system has been open to the atmosphere; even new systems! DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  18. Replacing Driers • Always cut out the old drier. • Never use your torch for removal. • The heat will drive the captured moisture out of the drier back into the system. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  19. Basic chemistry • CFC = chlorofluorocarbon (ie: R-12). • HCFC = hydrochlorofluorocarbon (R-22). • HFC = hydrofluorocarbon (R-410A). DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  20. CFCs • Comprised of chlorine, fluorine & carbon. • Extremely stable and long-lived. • Drift into the highest levels of the troposphere where they will destroy many ozone molecules for many years. • Phased out of production in 1996. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  21. HCFCs • Comprised of hydrogen,chlorine, fluorine & carbon. • Less stable and long-lived. • Break down quickly in the lower levels of the atmosphere. • Only 2% to 5% of the ozone depletion potential of CFCs. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  22. HFCs • Comprised of hydrogen, fluorine & carbon. • No chlorine atom. • Zero ozone depletion potential. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  23. Some new terms: • When two blended refrigerants separate easily, they are called Zeotropic. • When blended refrigerants don’t segregate in the system, but form a stable chemical composition they are called Azeotropic. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  24. R-410A Chemistry • 50 - 50% blend of HFC-32 and HFC-125. • Near-azeotropic properties. • Chemical name: • Difluoromethane, Pentafluoroethane Whew ! easy for you to say ! DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  25. Concerns with Blends • Fractionation • Temperature glide DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  26. Fractionation • The tendency of one or more components of a blend to leak at a faster rate than other components. • Changes the composition of the remaining blend still in system. • Loss of performance results. • Occurs in zeotropic blends like R-407C. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  27. What is Temperature Glide? • Difference in two temperatures at a given constant pressure. • For example . . . DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  28. In the evaporator . . . • The temperature at which liquid refrigerant first begins to boil is known as the saturated liquid temperature,(also known as the bubble point temperature). DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  29. 2nd Temperature • The temperature at which the last drop of liquid refrigerant has boiled off is known as the saturated vapor temperature,(also known as thedew point temperature). DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  30. Temperature Glide • At a constant pressure, the difference between the saturated vapor temperature and the saturated liquid temperature is referred to as the temperature glide of the refrigerant. • The temperature glide of a single compound refrigerant like R-22 is zero. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  31. R-410A Temperature Glide • The temperature glide of R-410A is 0.2°F or essentially zero as well. • This is good! DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  32. Key Attribute of R-410A • Near-Azeotropic properties means it acts like a single compound with minimal temperature glide or fractionation potential. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  33. Benefit to you is . . . • A temperature-pressure chart can easily be used for charging, refrigerant cycle analysis and diagnosis. • Advance to the temperature pressure chart for R-410A DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  34. Temp. °FPress. 26.3° 90 28.9° 95 31.4° 100 33.8° 105 36.2° 110 38.5° 115 40.7° 120 42.8° 125 44.9° 130 47° 135 49° 140 50.9° 145 52.8° 150 Temp. °FPress. 54.7° 155 56.5° 160 58.3° 165 60° 170 61.7° 175 63.4° 180 65° 185 66.6° 190 68.2° 195 69.8° 200 71.3° 205 72.8° 210 74.2° 215 Temp. °FPress. 75.7° 220 77.1° 225 78.5° 230 79.9° 235 81.3° 240 82.6° 245 83.9° 250 86.5° 260 89° 270 91.5° 280 93.9° 290 96.3° 300 98.5° 310 Temp. °FPress. 100.7° 320 105° 340 109.1° 360 113.1° 380 116.9° 400 120.5° 420 124.1° 440 127.5° 460 130.8° 480 134° 500 137.2° 520 140.2° 540 143.2° 560 DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  35. Tech Tip • You never want to see a suction pressure below 100 psi with R-410A air conditioning systems. • Why? • Look it up on the previous slide. • At 100 psi, the evaporator will begin to frost over. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  36. Refrigerant Comparison • Refrigerant R-12 R-22R-410A • ODP* 1 0.055 0 • GWP° 8500 17001975 • Type CFC HCFCHFC • Developed19311936 1991 • * ODP = ozone depletion potential • ° GWP = global warming potential. Source: IPCC Climate Change 2001 DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  37. Automotive Refrigerants • RefrigerantR-134A R-744 (CO2) • ODP*0 0 • GWP°1300 1 • TypeHFC natural element • Developed1990s1850s • * ODP = ozone depletion potential • ° GWP = global warming potential. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  38. HFCs in Europe • In 2011, the current HFC R-134A will be forbidden for use in air conditioning of new vehicle types throughout the European Community. • The German car manufacturers have agreed on the use of R-744 (carbon dioxide). • Toyota will reportedly follow suit. • The global warming potential of R-744 is less by a factor of 1,300 than that of R134A. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  39. Is R-410A a “Perfect Refrigerant”? • No. There is no “perfect refrigerant.” • It has a slightly higher Global Warming Potential than R-22. • However, this is somewhat offset because R-410A has a 5 - 6% higher Energy Efficiency Rating than R-22. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  40. Don’t vent R-410A ! • R-410A is covered by the same rules of the Clean Air Act as all other refrigerants. • Just because it doesn’t deplete the ozone layer, doesn’t mean you can release it. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  41. Myths • For a somewhat dated discussion of a few of the common myths related to R-410A, click the link below to go to the Honeywell website: • Common R-410A Myths DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  42. Safety • Most of the safety precautions are the same for R-410A as R-22. • For example, never expose cylinders of either refrigerant to temperatures above 125° F. • Use the same storage rules for both. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  43. Safety • R-410A has been confirmed to be in the low toxicity range. • ASHRAE Safety Group: A1/A1. • UL Class: Practically Non-flammable. • DOT Green Label: Non-flammable. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  44. Safety • Ingestion: • Don’t drink it! • Don’t induce vomiting if someone else does. • Seek immediate medical attention. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  45. Safety • Skin or Eye Contact: • Same as other refrigerants; causes frostbite. • Flush with lukewarm water. • Seek immediate medical attention. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  46. Safety • Avoid exposing it to high temperatures. • Watch your torch! • Exposure to flame can produce toxic compounds. • Contact with red hot metals like abraded aluminum can result in exothermic or explosive reactions. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  47. Safety • Inhalation: • Same as other refrigerants. • Attacks central nervous system. • Causes dizziness & then unconsciousness. • Slurred speech; loss of muscle coordination. • Can cause cardiac irregularities & ultimately, death. • Get to fresh air & seek immediate medical attention. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  48. Safety • R-410A is heavier than air. • It will displace oxygen. • If a leak has occurred in a confined area, ventilate with fresh air before entering. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  49. Material Safety Data Sheet • MSDS for Genetron AZ-20 Click the link below to access and print your own copy DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

  50. Oils • R-22 uses alkylbenzene oil. • R-410A uses polyol ester (POE) oil. • Oils must be miscible with refrigerant. • miscible = able to mix together. • Oils must be matched with the proper refrigerant. DESIGN AIR UNIVERSITY

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