1 / 19

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates. FACTS ABOUT POLYSACCHARDIDES. Macromolecule. Not Sweet. Insoluble. FACTS ABOUT MONOSACCHARIDES AND DISACCHARIDES. Small Molecules. Its Sweet. Crystalize. Name always end in “ ose ”. Readily soluble. GLUCOSE.

keaira
Download Presentation

Carbohydrates

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Carbohydrates

  2. FACTS ABOUT POLYSACCHARDIDES Macromolecule Not Sweet Insoluble

  3. FACTS ABOUT MONOSACCHARIDES AND DISACCHARIDES Small Molecules Its Sweet Crystalize Name always end in “ose” Readily soluble

  4. GLUCOSE Glucose is the main source of energy in respiration due to the large number of CH bonds. When These Bonds are broken large amounts of energy are released. They are building blocks of larger molecules as it can easily undergo condensation reactions with other monomers. Glucose has a small size and is therefore able to pass through the cell membrane of cells to engage in respiratory reactions.

  5. D- or L- Designation Glucose, with six carbon atoms, has four asymmetric carbon atoms . Structural formulas for sugar molecules are often written in this vertical arrangement with the aldehyde or the ketone group at or near the top. When written in this particular way, the position of the OH on the last asymmetric carbon atom will tell us whether we are dealing with a "D" sugar or an "L" sugar. "D" stands for dextro and "L" stands for levo. If the OH is on the right, then we are dealing with a "D" sugar, in this case D-glucose.

  6. DISSACARIDES-MALTOSE,SUCROSE & LACTOSE

  7. LACTOSE

  8. POLYSACCHARIDES- STARCH, GLYCOGEN & CELLULOSE

  9. STARCH Starch is made up of amylose and amylopectin, consisting of alpha glucose molecules. In amylose because the side chains of C6 are all found above the plane of the ring it is accomodated by having the molecule bend to form a hexicalstructure.Amylopectin forms branching structures(1-6 glycosidic bond) making the molecule blunky and compact. A susupension of amylose in water gives a blue-black colour with iodine-potassium iodide solution,whereas amylopectin gives a red-violet colour. This forms the basis of the test for starch.

  10. Glycogen Glycogen is similar in structure to that of amylopectin of starch, however there chains are shorter and more branched.

  11. CELLULOSE

  12. PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE Adjacent monomers need to be rotated at 180 degrees to allow condensation and formation of glycosicdic bond Results in strong molecules because H atoms of OH groups are weakly attracted to O atom of cellulose molecule. Hydrogen bonds are weak but collectively they have enormous strength. Needs to be insoluble in water. The OH groups which would normally engage in hydrogen bonding with water are involved in hydrogen bonding with parallel fibres that run adjacent to each other in addiction OH groups project inward inside the molecule.

More Related