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Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1. Greek Roots of Democracy. The Rise of Greek City-States. The Greeks, isolated in mountain valleys and on islands, built small, independent city-states. CITY-STATES is a political unit made up of a city and the surrounding lands.

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Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 1Standard: 10.1

  2. Greek Roots of Democracy

  3. The Rise of Greek City-States • The Greeks, isolated in mountain valleys and on islands, built small, independent city-states. • CITY-STATES is a political unit made up of a city and the surrounding lands. • The Greeks expanded over seas from Spain to Egypt.

  4. Governing the City-States • Cities were built on 2 levels: • On a hilltop was a acropolis (uh KRAH puh lis), the high city, with its great temples dedicated to different gods and goddesses. • On flatter ground below were the main city with the marketplace, theater, public buildings, and homes.

  5. Governing the City-States acropolis TOWN

  6. Governing the City-States • Population: small • Helps citizens share responsibility for its triumphs and defeats • Community: • Men spent time outdoors in marketplace • Debated issues that affected their lives • Whole-community festivals honoring the city’s special god or goddess

  7. A Change 750 B.C.- 500 B.C. • First, a king ruled the polis which is a monarchy. • MONARCHY: King or queen has central power • Then power shifted to a class of noble landowners which is an aristocracy. At first they defended the King. Eventually they changed and won power for themselves. • ARISTOCRACY: Small ruling group

  8. Changes in Warfare • Middle class became more powerful with changes in military technology • New fighting method: Phalanx • A massive formation that required many hours of practice. • Intensive training lead to strong sense of unity among citizen-soldiers

  9. Changes in Warfare • Putting the defense of the city-state in the hands of ordinary citizens lead to less class difference. • It also led to a change among 2 of the most influential city-states: Sparta and Athens • Sparta stressed stern discipline • Athens glorified the individual and extended political rights to more citizens.

  10. Sparta: A Nation of Soldiers • In 600 B.C. became a military state • At age 7 they began training for a lifetime in the army • Course diet • Hard exercise • Rigid system of discipline

  11. Sparta: A Nation of Soldiers • Girls: Were expected to produce healthy sons for the army. • Worked to exercise and strengthen their bodies

  12. Sparta: A Nation of Soldiers • Government: • 2 kings • Council of Elders • Assembly: made up of all citizens. They were responsible for approving major decisions. • Citizens: Male, native-born, over age 30 • Ephors: elected by assembly, officials who held the real power and ran day-to-day affairs.

  13. Athens: A Limited Democracy • DEMOCRACY: government by the people. • The ideal of democracy began in Athens • In Athens their government began as a monarchy but evolved into an aristocracy.

  14. Athens: A Limited Democracy • 700 B.C. noble landowners held power and chose chief officials. • Nobles judged major cases in court and dominated the assembly. • Athenian wealth and power grew. • However, ordinary people were unhappy. • They wanted more rights, especially farmers who during hard times, were forced to sell their land to nobles and became slaves.

  15. Athens: A Limited Democracy • In 594 B.C. Solon was the trusted leader • He outlawed debt slavery and freed those already sold into it to pay off debts • He opened offices to more citizens • Loosened citizenship requirements • Gave Athenian Assembly more authority • His reforms assured more fairness and justice to small groups

  16. Athens: A Limited Democracy • Still, many ordinary people were still upset thus leading to tyrants. • TYRANTS: leaders who gain power through force • Tyrants won the support of merchant class and the poor by creating reforms to help these groups.

  17. Athens: A Limited Democracy • Tyrant: Pisistratus (py SIS truh tus) • Gave farmers and poor citizens a greater voice, weakening the aristocracy • 507 B.C. reformer: Cleisthenes (KLYS thuh neez) • Made role of citizens in government bigger • Created council of 500, whose members were chosen by citizens over 30. • Made council a legislature: prepared laws, supervised day-to-day work of government, debated laws before deciding to approve or reject them

  18. Athens: A Limited Democracy • By modern standard their democracy was very limited. • Only make citizens could participate in the government • Few people qualified for citizenship • Women had no share in public life

  19. Assignment #1: • What process took city-states from monarchy to aristocracy and, in Athens, to democracy? • You can create a timeline or write in paragraph form a response. If you choose a timeline you must use complete sentences to explain each tick mark.

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