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Arrhythmia and its Mitochondrial Causes

Arrhythmia and its Mitochondrial Causes. What is Arrhythmia?. Latin name: no rhythm Arrhythmia – mistiming of heartbeat Types: Bradycardias – Slow beat Tachycardias – Fast beat Fibrilation – Rapid, chaotic impulses. Causes. Heart attack Heart scarring

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Arrhythmia and its Mitochondrial Causes

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  1. Arrhythmia and its Mitochondrial Causes

  2. What is Arrhythmia? • Latin name: no rhythm • Arrhythmia – mistiming of heartbeat • Types: • Bradycardias – Slow beat • Tachycardias – Fast beat • Fibrilation – Rapid, chaotic impulses

  3. Causes • Heart attack • Heart scarring • Cardiomyopathy – heart muscle damage • Coronary artery disease – clogged heart arteries • Genetic factors

  4. Biological Properties • One cause: hypoxia – low oxygen • Heart beat managed by electrical signals • Signals generated by electrical potential • Potential created by concentration gradient of ions • Hypoxia causes channels to open – depolarization • Disruption of electrical signal disrupts heart beat

  5. Mitochondrial Involvement •  sarcKATP channels – maintain potassium ion gradient • Opened by presence of ADP • Failure in mitochondria prevents ATP regeneration, leads to sarcKATP channel opening

  6. Metabolic Properties • Hypoxia causes release of free fatty acids (FFA) • Increases oxygen demand • Hemolysis (rupture) of red blood cells • Detergent effects – breaks lipid membranes • Causes ion concentration gradient to leak

  7. Minor: Unusual heart beat Slow beat Irregular beat Pauses between beats Minor cases – not life-threatening Serious: Low blood supply Dizziness Fainting Short Breath Chest Pains Anemia-like symptoms Symptoms

  8. Heartbeat is controlled by electrical signals; arrhythmia is a disruption to these signals that affect the timing of the heartbeat. Mitochondrial Involvement • Ion concentration gradient within mitochondria • Concentration gradient necessary for electrical signals • Ions gated by channels • Opening of channels – loss of potential • Arrhythmia treated by inhibiting channels

  9. Treatments • Medication • Beta blockers • Channel blockers • Medical Procedure • Pacemaker implant • Surgery • Maze surgery • Cuts, burns in heart to limit path of electric signals

  10. Sources cited • A Metabolic Cause for Arrhythmias During Acute Myocardial Hypoxia • V. A. Kurien, M. F. Oliver. • How Are Arrhythmias Treated?. (n.d.). In National Institute of Health. Retrieved August 15, 2013 • Relationship of Hypoxia to Arrhythmia and Cardiac Conduction Hemorrhage • Richard E. Clark, Ignacio Christlieb, Miguel Sanmarco, Rodriguez Diaz-Perez, J. Francis Dammann, Jr. and Martin E. Zipser • What Are the Signs and Symptoms of an Arrhythmia?. (n.d.). In National Institute of Health. Retrieved August 15, 2013

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