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Reforming American Society 1820 – 1850 Religion Sparks Reform Chapter 8 – Section 1

Reforming American Society 1820 – 1850 Religion Sparks Reform Chapter 8 – Section 1. Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 1. Second Great Awakening. Religious Activism Second Great Awakening – religious movement, sweeps U.S. after 1790

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Reforming American Society 1820 – 1850 Religion Sparks Reform Chapter 8 – Section 1

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  1. Reforming American Society1820 – 1850Religion Sparks ReformChapter 8 – Section 1 Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 1

  2. Second Great Awakening • Religious Activism • Second Great Awakening – religious movement, sweeps U.S. after 1790 • Individual responsibility for own salvation, can improve self, society • Preacher Charles Grandison Finney inspires emotional religious faith • Large gatherings; some preachers get 20,000 or more at outdoor camps

  3. Second Great Awakening • The African American Church • Camp meetings, Baptist, Methodist churches open to blacks and whites • Southern slaves interpret Christian messages as promise of freedom • African-American church organizes first national convention (1830)

  4. Transcendentalism • Transcendentalism • Ralph Waldo Emerson leads group practicing transcendentalism • literary and philosophical movement • emphasizes simple life • truth is in nature, emotion, imagination • Henry David Thoreau puts self-reliance into practice, writes Walden • urges civil disobedience, peaceful refusal to obey laws

  5. Transcendentalism and Reforms • Unitarianism • Unitarians stress reason, appeal to conscience in religion • Agree with revivalists: individual, social reform important • Utopias • Utopian communities – perfect place • most utopias last only a few years • Shaker Communities • Shakers share goods, believe men and women equal, refuse to fight • Do not marry or have children; need converts, adoption to survive

  6. Schools and Prisons Reform • Reforming Asylums & Prisons • Dorothea Dix gets 10 states to improve conditions for mentally ill • Reformers stress rehabilitation to obtain useful position in society • Improving Education • In early 1800’s, schools not compulsory, not divided by grade • Pennsylvania establishes tax-supported public school system in 1834 • Horace Mann establishes teacher training, curriculum reforms • By 1850’s – all states have publically funded schools

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