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Selenium (Se)

Selenium (Se). Only nutrient whose level is controlled by FDA Has smallest optimal range (difference between requirement and toxicity) Toxicity can be a regional problem in Montana. Selenium (Se). There are Se accumulating plants Can be indicators of toxicity

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Selenium (Se)

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  1. Selenium (Se) • Only nutrient whose level is controlled by FDA • Has smallest optimal range • (difference between requirement and toxicity) • Toxicity can be a regional problem in Montana

  2. Selenium (Se) • There are Se accumulating plants • Can be indicators of toxicity • Can result in acute toxicity – sudden death • Astragalus species (locoweed) • Vetches • Some native range plants

  3. Selenium (Se) Toxicity • Originally called Alkali disease • Chronic toxicity • Affects keratin of hair/hooves • Rough hair coat • “Bobbed” tail • Sloughed hooves • Affects adult animals

  4. Se Deficiency • Se deficiencies that affect young animals • Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy • White Muscle Disease • Affects ability to stand and nurse

  5. Se Deficiency • In reproductive females • Retained placenta • Decreased fertility

  6. Iodine (I) • Not high in feeds • Therefore we use Iodized salt • (even for humans) • Regional deficiency – Great Lakes, Montana

  7. Iodine Deficiency • At any age = Goiter • Enlargement of thyroid gland • Thyroxine contains Iodine • In reproductive females = stillbirths • Weak, hairless young

  8. Mn Deficiency • Symptoms: • Lameness • Abnormal bone growth • Immune dysfunction

  9. Mn Deficiency • In reproductive females: • Delayed estrus • Reduced ovulation • Embryonic mortality • Decreased fertility

  10. Cobalt (Co) • Required for rumen microbes to synthesize Vitamin B12 • Part of Vit. B12’s chemical structure

  11. Cobalt (Co) • Deficiency regional grazing

  12. Wasting Disease (Co deficiency) • First discovered in Australia • Australia – extreme emaciation • Because VitB12important in energy metabolism

  13. Wasting Disease (Co deficiency) • To cure: • Cobalt must be provided to rumen • Injection of Co won’t work • (because Co needed in rumen to synthesize Vit. B12) • Injection of Vitamin B12 will work

  14. “Organic” Minerals • Chelated • Attached to amino acids • Proteinated • Attached to peptides • Complexed • Attached to other organic compounds

  15. “Organic” Minerals • Usually Zn, Cu, Mn, & Co are included in organic form • Hypothesis: Increased availability

  16. Example feed tag containing organic minerals

  17. “Organic” Minerals • Are they effective? • Conflicting research results • Positive results with animals that are: • High producing • Stressed • Immune-compromised

  18. “Organic” Minerals • Organic forms are more expensive than sulfates, chlorides, etc. • Therefore, they must be cost effective

  19. “Organic” Minerals • Recommendation for organic mineral use: • If high S, Fe and/or Mo (antagonists)

  20. “Organic” Minerals • Recommendation • If problems occur such as: • Calf/lamb scours • Increased reproductive failure • Change in hair color • Increased foot rot • Increased respiratory infections

  21. “Organic” Minerals • Due to cost, recommendation is: • 70% inorganic + 30% organic • Supplementation during strategic (stressful) times: • Cows – prior to calving through breeding • Ewes – prior to lambing, during breeding • Calves/lambs – prior to weaning

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