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Study Guide: Punctuation. 1-4. List the relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, that, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 2. List the coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so 3. List the correlative conjunction pairs.
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1-4 • List the relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, that, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 2. List the coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so 3. List the correlative conjunction pairs. either/or, neither/nor, both/and, not only/but also, whether/or 4. List 7 subordinating conjunctions. Any from the list (because, if, since, after, before, so that, until, etc.)
5-10 5. Since I finished my mountain of homework, Mom let me go out to the movies. DEPENDENT 6. I had the most delectable red velvet cupcakes after I ate my dinner. DEPENDENT 7. My sister has a precious black and white kitten. INDEPENDENT 8. I ordered a large pizza, and I foolishly ate the entire thing. INDEPENDENT 9. First Lucy added flour to the mixture; next, she added sugar.INDEPENDENT 10. My absolute favorite sweater, which is bright blue, is in the dirty clothes hamper. INDEPENDENT
11-14 • Since you asked, I will tell you. • I went to school yesterday even though I was very sleepy. • You should wash your hands before you cook; it helps prevent the spread of pathogens. • You will find your keys if you retrace all of your steps carefully.
15-20 • I love cucumbers, but I do not like pickles. • Hey, have you seen my pencil? • We did not get to go to the game, because it got rained out. • Even though mice are tiny vegetarians, elephants are afraid of them. • My mother, who is great at sports, coaches my softball team. • The dance was too crowded; we decided to go see a movie instead.
21-25 • Since I lost my jacket , I will probably be cold during my math class. • My best friend works at McDonalds , and she makes $6.50 an hour. • I looked through a telescope , and I saw the moon, the stars, and Mars. • Rameck, George, and Sampson the three doctors, who wrote the books, appeared on TV numerous times. • In the morning, I have a breakfast of eggs, which provides me with lots of protein.
26-29 • Stepping cautiously, the deer made his way across the frozen pond. • The villagers prepared a delectable feast of turkey, yams, and beans, and they shared it with their neighbors. • The clumsy, lumbering polar bear made his home in a cave because he enjoyed the cool darkness. • Devin, will you pass me the remote?
30-33 30. Hey, what is for lunch today? Interjection 31. Sarah, will you bring me a bottle of water? Direct Address 32. Janet, my babysitter from first grade, still remembers my name. Appositive 33. I wanted to go to El Nopal, not Side Kicks! Contradiction
34-37 34. My dog, which is a Labrador, loves to play fetch. The dependent Clause is in the Middle 35. Janet looked through the telescope, and she saw Venus, Saturn, and Mars. Joining Independent Clauses, Separating items in a series 36. James edits our school’s newspaper, and he is also captain of the basketball team. Joining Independent Clauses 37. Valery, conserving a burst of speed for the end of the race, dashed by everyone. Modifier that interrupts
38-41 38. In the early part of the evening, we started out for a walk on the beach. Introductory Phrase 39. For one thing, if we added a food court to the cafeteria, more kids would eat there. Transition, Dependent Clause comes first 40. Sampson, George, and Rameck made a pact, and they followed through with it. Items in a series, Joining independent clauses 41. Since it is the coldest day on record, we will cancel all outdoor practices for the evening. Dependent Clause Comes First
42, 43 42. I need to study because I have a test tomorrow. The dependent clause is last; therefore, the sentence doesn’t need a comma. 43. The unicorn frolicked to the edge of the field and grazed on the delicious clover. The sentence is just a simple sentence.
44-47 • “I never understood the mindset that made failing equal to being cool” (Draper 65). • Rameck says,“Silly string changed my life ” (Draper 89). • George says, “Mrs. Johnson was the most influential person in my life” (Draper 27). • Sampson says, “Never again did I get mixed up with the police.” (Draper 120).
48, 49, 50 Various Answers 48. Sampson became a doctor. George became a doctor. Rameck became a doctor. Sam, Rameck, and George became doctors. 49. Saturn is a planet with rings. Jupiter it a planet with rings. Saturn and Jupiter both have rings. 50. The sky is filled with lightening. Practice is definitely getting canceled. Practice will definitely be canceled because the sky is filled with lightening.