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WORLD WAR I

WORLD WAR I. SSUSH15 The student will analyze the origins and impact of U.S. involvement in World War I. a. Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in World War I, with reference to unrestricted submarine warfare.

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WORLD WAR I

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  1. WORLD WAR I • SSUSH15 The student will analyze the origins and impact of U.S. involvement in • World War I. • a. Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in World War I, with reference to unrestricted submarine warfare. • b. Explain the domestic impact of World War I, as reflected by the origins of the Great Migration, the Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene Debs. • c. Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed League of Nations.

  2. WORLD WAR I • United States History Unit “Isolation vs. Globalization” • Elaborated Unit Focus The focus of this unit is the development of World War I, II and the Cold War. This unit will examine the changes caused by the conflicts that involved much of the world. These changes not only involved how we looked at our world but also how our beliefs and ideals changed as a result. It also involved taking a closer look at individuals, groups, and institutions to see how improvements could be made to create a better United States and world. Technological innovations created the need for people to move and migrate to new areas.

  3. WORLD WAR I • ORAL PRE-TEST, WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT WORLD WAR I? • AKA, THE GREAT WAR • THE WAR TO END ALL WARS • THE WAR TO MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY • 1914-1918 • REMEMBER THESE YEARS? 1775-1783, 1861-1865

  4. MAIN M A I N MILITARISM ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I

  5. WORLD WAR IMILITARISM • 1.MILITARY BUILDUP, ARMY, NAVY • 2.MILITARY ARMS RACE, FR, IT, JA, US, UK, GE, AU-HU • 3.SEE HANDOUT

  6. ALLIED POWERS FRANCE UNITED KINGDOM RUSSIA ITALY USA CENTRAL POWERS GERMANY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY BULGARIA OTTOMAN EMPIRE (LATER, TURKEY) WORLD WAR I ALLIANCES, P. 585 DURING WAR

  7. WORLD WAR I ALLIANCES BEFORE OUTBREAK OF WAR

  8. WORLD WAR I ALLIANCES

  9. WORLD WAR IIMPERIALISM • 1.EMPIRE BUILDING • 2.COMPETITION FOR COLONIES IN MAINLY IN ASIA AND AFRICA • 3.COMPETITORS: UK, GE, IT, FR, JA, US • 4.DESIRE FOR RAW MATERIALS IN COLONIES • 5.COLONIES PROVIDED MARKETS

  10. WORLD WAR I, NATIONALISM • 1.DEVOTION BY PEOPLE TO A NATION AND A NATION’S CULTURE, HISTORY, RELIGION, AND LANGUAGE • 2.ETHNIC GROUPS (NATIONALITIES) WANTED LAND, INDEPENDENCE, AND PROTECTION • 3.FOR EX., RUSSIA, PROTECTOR OF SLAVS, SCATTERED ACROSS BALKAN PENINSULA CONTROLLED BY AU-HU • 4.BALKAN PEN., “POWDER KEG” OF EUROPE

  11. WORLD WAR I, NATIONALISM

  12. NATION GERMANY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY LEADER KAISER WILHELM II EMPEROR FRANZ JOSEPH WORLD WAR I PLAYERS, CENTRAL POWERS

  13. NATION UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE RUSSIA UNITED STATES LEADER DAVID LLOYD GEORGE GEORGES CLEMENCEAU CZAR NICHOLAS II WOODROW WILSON WORLD WAR I PLAYERS, ALLIED POWERS

  14. IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF WORLD WAR I • 1. ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE, AND HEIR TO THE THRONE OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, FRANZ FERDINAND

  15. IMMEDIATE CAUSE FACTS • THE ASSASSINATION… • 1.BY WHOM? GAVRILO PRINCIP • 2.FOR WHAT TERRORIST GROUP? THE BLACK HAND • 3.WHERE? SARAJEVO, BOSNIA IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY • “THE SPARK” WHICH IGNITED THE “POWDER KEG”

  16. The Black and nationalism by means of assassination. “THE SPThe Black Hand was founded by former members of a semi-secret society named Narodna Odbrana (Defense of the People) dedicated to achieving Pan-Slavism and nationalism by means of assassination.

  17. WORLD WAR I, THE WAR BEGINS • 1.WHERE? THE WESTERN FRONT • 2.TRENCH WARFARE

  18. WORLD WAR I, THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES • 1.UNTIL 1917, POLICY OF NEUTRALITY • 2.POLICY OF NOT TAKING SIDES • 3.USA, EXAMPLE OF PEACE • 4.DIVIDED LOYALTIES IN USA

  19. REASONS FOR USA INVOLVEMENT IN WORLD WAR I • 1.TO ENSURE PAYMENT OF ALLIED WAR DEBTS • 2.TO PROTECT USA SHIPPING • 3.UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE BY GERMANY • a.SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA, 5.1915 • b.ZIMMERMAN NOTE, 1.1917 • c.INCREASED SUB WARFARE BY GER/LOSS OF AMERICAN LIFE • d.RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, 3.1917

  20. (1) DEMOCRACIES V. MONARCHIES • (2) PRESIDENT WILSON, “MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY”

  21. ENTRY OF USA SWINGS BALANCE OF POWER • 1.MOBILIZATION OF ARMY/NAVY • 2.RESULT: ALLIED VICTORY • 3.HOW? • a.SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT, 1917, REQUIRED MEN TO REGISTER W/ GOVT TO BE RANDOMLY SELECTED FOR MILITARY SERVICE (DRAFT) • b.NAVAL IMPROVEMENTS TO MOVE WAR GOODS • C.NEW WEAPONS: MACHINE GUNS, AIRPLANES, ZEPPELINS, POISON GAS, TANKS

  22. SELECTIVE SERVICE POSTER

  23. The German military made extensive use of Zeppelins as bombers and scouts.

  24. TOTAL WAR AND THE END OF THE WAR… • Total war is a conflict of unlimited scope in which a belligerent engages in a total mobilization of all available resources at their disposal, whether human, industrial, agricultural, military, natural, technological, or otherwise, in order to entirely destroy or render beyond use their rival's capacity to continue resistance.

  25. TOTAL WAR…USA • 1.A NATION’S USE OF ALL RESOURES FOR WAR EFFORT • 2.SHIFT IN ECO., CONSUMER GOODS TO WAR GOODS • 3.WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD, RR ADMIN, FUEL ADMIN, FOOD ADMIN • 4.USE OF PROPAGANDA

  26. PROPAGANDA

  27. PROPAGANDA

  28. DOMESTIC (HOME-USA) IMPACT OF WWI • 1.ANTI-IMMIGRANT HYSTERIA • 2.ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS, 1917-1918; 2 LAWS, IMPOSED HARSH PENALTIES ON PERSONS WHO SPOKE AGAINST U.S.A. BEING IN WWI • (VIOLATION OF FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS) • a.EX. EUGENE DEBS, AMERICAN SOCIALIST PARTY FOUNDER, 10YR. PRISION SENTENCE…ANTI-WAR AND DRAFT • 3.GREAT MIGRATION, MOVEMENT OF MANY SOUTHERN BLACKS TO NORTH (ESCAPE JIM CROW)

  29. Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), candidate for President of the United States as a member of the Social Democratic Party • Debs was imprisoned once more after being arrested and convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 during the First Red Scare for speaking against American involvement in World War I. He was later pardoned by President of the United StatesWarren G. Harding, and died not long after being admitted to a sanitarium.

  30. The states in blue had the ten largest net gains of African Americans, while the states in red had the ten largest net losses.

  31. REASONS, GREAT MIGRATION, EARLY 1900S • 1.ESCAPE JIM CROW, RACE DISCRIMINATION • 2.FIND JOBS • a.LESS IMMIGRATION DUE TO WAR MEANT MORE OPPORTUNITY FOR BLACKS • 3.BLACK NEWPAPERS PRINTED ARTICLES CONTRASTING NORTHERN OPPORTUNITIES WITH SOUTHERN LYNCHINGS

  32. DOMESTIC IMPACT, CONTINUED • 4. INCREASED PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE • 5. FLU EPIDEMIC, 1918, MILLIONS DIED THROUGHOUT WORLD • 1918 – 1920: avian flu: Spanish flu: more people were hospitalized in World War I from this epidemic than wounds. Estimates of the dead range from 20 to 100 million worldwide (WHO)

  33. WOODROW WILSON’S PLAN FOR PEACE, POSTWAR • THE FOURTEEN POINTS • 1.NO SECRET TREATIES • 2.FREEDOM OF THE SEAS FOR ALL • 3.ABOLISH OR LOWER TARIFFS FOR FREE TRADE • 4.REDUCTION OF MILITARIES • 5.POLICIES ABOUT COLONIES SHOULD CONSIDER NATIVES (NATIONALITIES) AND IMPERIALIST POWERS.(SELF-DETERMINATION)

  34. FOURTEEN POINTS, CONTINUED • 6-13. BOUNDARIES FOR NATIONS BASED ON SELF-DETERMINATION (RIGHT OF NATIONALITIES TO CHOOSE); NATIONALITIES FORM NATIONS OR CHOOSE NATION TO WHICH TO BELONG • 14. A LEAGUE OF NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION TO MAINTAIN WORLD PEACE

  35. FOURTEEN POINTS • The Fourteen Points were listed in a speech delivered by PresidentWoodrow Wilson of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress on January 8, 1918. This speech was intended to assure the country that the war was being fought for a moral cause and for peace in Europe after World War I.

  36. LEAGUE OF NATIONS • The League of Nations (LoN) was an international organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920. At its greatest extent, from 28 September 1934, to the 23 February 1935, it had 58 members. The League's goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global quality of life.

  37. LEAGUE OF NATIONS

  38. REJECTION OF WILSON’S PLAN • 1.PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE • 2.BIG “4”, FR, IT, UK, US • a.PUNISH GERMANY • 3.TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 1919 • a.GERMANY HAD TO PAY REPARATIONS • b.GERMANY HAD TO TAKE BLAME FOR WAR, WAR GUILT CLAUSE. • 4.FOURTEEN POINTS IGNORED, EXCEPT THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

  39. TREATY OF VERSAILLES • 5.U.S SENATOR, HENRY CABOT LODGE, LED OPPOSITION TO TREATY. US SENATE REJECTED THE TREATY; SIGNED SEPARATE TREATY • 6.USA NEVER JOINED THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. • 7.US SENATE FEARED BEING INVOLVED IN FUTURE CONFLICTS IN EUROPE.

  40. Wilson claimed that he could "predict with absolute certainty that within another generation there will be another world war if the nations of the world do not concert the method by which to prevent it.“ (referring to US rejection of the Treaty and not joining the League of Nations)

  41. TREATY OF VERSAILLES • The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919. • The USA signed a separate treaty with Germany in 1921.

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