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WSJ article

WSJ article.

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WSJ article

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  1. WSJ article “Intensive study for the Law School Admission Test reinforces circuits in the brain and can bridge the gap between the right and left hemispheres, according to neuroscientists at the University of California, Berkeley, in findings reported last week in the online journal Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. …Those changes can improve reasoning ability and may increase a person's IQ score, the researchers said. …the results showed increased connectivity between the frontal lobes of the brain, as well as between the frontal and parietal lobes, which are parts of the brain associated with reasoning and thinking. …The fact that performance on the LSAT can be improved with practice is not new” LSATGMAT Individual courseStart studying MORE today!

  2. NPR :Can you learn while you’re asleep? • “…[study] showed that people are capable of learning simple lessons while fast asleep” • Pavlovian Conditioning: learned to breath deeply when a beep occurred • “It's been known for a while that a nap can help cement things you've learned”

  3. I: Table of Entities, Data Flow Diagrams II: Flowcharts Reference: Gelinas Online Ch. 4 Documenting Information Systems

  4. Why Document an IS? • Evaluate an existing IS • Design a new IS • Auditor is required to document his understanding of a client’s IS (per AICPA auditing standards) • PCAOB AS#5 requires the auditor to attest to the effectiveness of internal controls • Public Company Accounting Oversight Board • AS auditing standard

  5. Types of documentation • Narrative • Table of Entities and Activities • Data Flow Diagrams(DFDs) • Flowcharts All created by interviewing personnel in the firm and performing “walk through”

  6. Narrative • Paragraphs, complete sentences • Frequently used for small companies • Everyone can read • Disadvantage: Easy to “not understand” the IS

  7. Sample Narrative: SP 4-1 Webster, Inc. sells plumbing supplies to contractors in the southern region of the US. Each month, the IT division at Webster prints monthly statements and sends them to the accounts receivable (AR) department, where a clerk mails them to the customers. Websters’ customers mail their payments back to Webster, where a clerk in AR batches the checks and sends them to the cashier. The AR Clerk then uses the payment stub to enter the payments into the computer, where the AR master data is updated to record the payment.

  8. Table of Entities and Activities • A very structured narrative • Short action phrases • Starting point for DFDs and Flowcharts • Created from narrative or interview and walk through

  9. Interview personnel Write a description of process in paragraph style or jot down notes Perform a Walk through Identify your entities: For each entity describe activity concisely, one activity at a time Organize by Entity or chronologically Indicate all data flows (send, receive) Table of Entities and Activities: Steps to create

  10. Entity: person, department, computer, outside agency Activity: processes data or sends data or receives data

  11. Table of Entities and Activities EXAMPLE

  12. Data Flow Diagrams • Easy to use • Quick and easy • Not as informative as flowcharts • Circles, rectangles, arrows • Types: • Context DFD • Physical DFD • Logical DFD

  13. Data Flow Diagrams: picture using limited symbols External Entity Internal entity(physical DFD) or process (logical DFD) File or storage Data Flow

  14. DFD: Internal entity • Department, person, computer • Accounting department, cash receipts clerk, computer, treasurer, Mindy • Processes data (activity) • Calculates, records, transcribes, reviews, approves, updates • Usually inside the company Internal Entity Symbol

  15. DFD: External entity • Department, system, person, business • AP dept, Order Entry System Treasurer, Bank, IRS • Sends or receives data to/from the system being studied • Does not process data that we are studying • Does not have to be outside the company External Entity Symbol

  16. Context DFD Overview of system under study Shows external entities and name of system Shows data flows from external to system Customer payment Cash Receipts System deposit VP of Finance report Bank

  17. Physical DFD Shows: Internal entities (circle) External entities-same as context (rectangle) Document flow (arrow) between internal entities from external entities to internal entity Files (parallel lines)

  18. Physical DFD Customer Check and RA Bank Mail Room Clerk Deposit Cashier check Remittance Advice AR Dept AR MF Computer VP of Finance Reports

  19. Logical DFD Shows: Internal processes (circle) External entities-same as context (rectangle) Data flows (arrow) between processes AND from External Entity to Process Files (parallel lines)

  20. Logical DFD Bank Customer Check and RA Records list Of receipts Deposit Prepares Deposit check Remittance Advice Updates AR Prepares reports AR MF VP of Finance

  21. Work from table of entities and activities Identify external and internal entities External entities: rectangle Physical DFD: circle for each internal entity Logical DFD: circle for each activity Show data flows with an arrow Show file storage with parallel lines Do not distinguish electronic files from physical files Data Flow Diagram

  22. Flowcharts • Next class

  23. Table of Entities and Activities Data Flow Diagrams Context and Physical Logical will be tested conceptually Flowcharts Documentation techniques for ACG 306

  24. Webster Supply (SP 4-1) • Read the narrative • Circle each entity • Prepare a table of entities and activities • Prepare a context DFD • Prepare a physical DFD

  25. Webster SP 4-1 Webster, Inc. sells plumbing supplies to contractors in the southern region of the US. Each month, the IT division at Webster prints monthly statements and sends them to the accounts receivable (AR) department, where a clerk mails them to the customers. Websters’ customers mail their payments back to Webster, where a clerk in AR batches the checks and sends them to the cashier. The AR Clerk then uses the payment stub to enter the payments into the computer, where the AR master data is updated to record the payment.

  26. Terminology • Batch: to add a set of numbers or count the number of records. For example, when you batch a group of invoices you may add the total amount of each invoice or you may count the number of invoice documents.

  27. Homework: Lab 1 Due on Wednesday, May 21, at beginning of class • Homework: Millenium Insurance (P4-4,4-5 from echapter): Table of entities and activities, Context DFD, Physical DFD. • Prepare using Excel • Discuss with teammate; upload one assignment for team by beginning of class on Wednesday

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