The Literary Legacy of Henry James

1. 6班五组 潘晓群 赵霞 孙爱红 张艳珊 高鹏

2. The introduction of Henry James • Personal Information • Literary works &analyses

3. Background Henry James (1843-1916) Henry James was born on April 15, 1843 in New York City into a wealthy family. His father, Henry James Sr. was one of the best-known intellectuals in mid-nineteenth-century America. In his youth James traveled back and forth between Europe and America. He studied with tutors in Geneva, London, Paris, Bologna and Bonn. At the age of 19 he briefly attended Harvard Law School, but preferred reading literature to studying law. James published his first short story, "A Tragedy of Errors" two years later, and devoted himself to literature. In 1866-69 and 1871-72 he was a contributor to the Nation and Atlantic Monthly.

4. Achievements • Henry James (1843-1916), American-born writer, gifted with talents in literature, psychology, and philosophy. • James wrote 20 novels, 112 stories, 12 plays and a number of works of literary criticism. • 亨利·詹姆斯的主要作品是小说，此外还写了许多文学评论、游记、传记和剧本。亨利·詹姆斯的游记是世界文学史上的游记经典。自问世以来，一直畅销不衰。《法国掠影》（1885）、《英国风情》（1905）、《美国景象》（1907）以及《意大利风情》（1909）是亨利·詹姆斯游记系列之中的扛鼎之作。

5. Literary works • The American (1877) 美国人， • Daisy Miller (1878) 戴茜·米勒， • The Europeans (1878) 欧洲人， • The Portrait of a Lady (1881)贵妇人画像， • Washington Square (1881) 华盛顿广场， • The Bostonians (1886) 波士顿人， • The Golden Bowl (1904) 金碗， • The Wings of the Dove (1902)鸽之翼， • The Ambassadors (1903) 大使 ， • The Turn of the Screw (1898)碧庐冤孽，

6. Three stages of his career • In the first period • James took great interest in international terms. In almost all the stories and novels he wrote during this period, James treated with great care the clashes   between two different cultures and moral problems of Americans in Europe, or Europeans in America.. • The AMERICAN   tells a story about a young and innocent American confronting the complexity of European life. • DAISY MILLER ,   a novel about a young girl who get killed by the winter in Rome. • THE EUROPEANS,   about some Europeans   who tried to learn to adapt themselves to American life. • THE PORTRAIT OF A LADY about the clash between the old world and the new   in the life journey of an American girl.

7. In the second period • James experimented with different themes and forms in his middle period. • the novel BOSTONIANS, which satirized the woman liberation movement that took place in Boston. • the short story THE   PRIVATE LIFE, THE DEATH OF A LION and THE MIDDLE YEARS succeed in exploring   the relationship of artist to the society to prove that the artist should not to sacrifice the truth for the passion no matter how troubles and isolated he feels. • short fictions include THE TURN OF SCREW, a story about the troubled and abnormal psychology of oppressed children. • THE BEAST IN THE JUNGLE, which focuses on the imaginitive obsession of   some haunted man and woman with their personal disaster in future.

8. In the third period • In his last and major period, James turned to his international themes. the most famous works in the theme of children and adolescence is WHAT MAISIE KNOWS. after that ,he successively created the following works :THE WINGS OF THE DOVE, THE AMBASSADORS and THE GOLDEN BOWL.

9. 《鸽翼》写一位英国记者为钱财追求一个患有不治之症的美国姑娘的故事。《鸽翼》写一位英国记者为钱财追求一个患有不治之症的美国姑娘的故事。 • 《使节》描绘一位高雅的法国女人对一个美国阔少所产生的难以抗拒的魅力。 • 《金碗》通过一段继母与女婿私通的故事引发出了许多涉及道德问题的思索。

10. characteristics • 1Henry James's fame usually rests upon the novel and stories with the international themes. These novels are always set against larger international background, usually between Europe and America, and concentrated on confrontation of two different culture   with two different people presenting two different   value system.

11. 2Henry James's criticism is a indispensable part of his contribution to literature. It's both concerned with form   and devoted   to human value. the theme of his essay THE ART OF FICTION indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life .

12. 3James's realism is characterized by his psychological approach to subject matter. His fictional world is concerned more   with inner world of human being than overt actions

13. 4As for language, he is not easy to understand. he is very refined and insightful, with large vocabulary, he is accurate in words selection trying to find the words to express his literary imagination..

14. The Portrait of a Lady first published as a serial in The Atlantic Monthly in 1880–1881 and then as a book in 1881 in England.

15. The Portrait of a Lady Director:Jane Campion(The Piano)Actors:Nicole Kidman (Isabel), John Malkovich (Osmond), and Barbara Hershey (Madame Merle )

16. Free-spirited(独立自主、有主见的) Brilliant Stubborn Innocent Imaginative Romantic Idealistic Sensitive Isabel Archer

17. Ralph Touchett Suitor 1 Caspar Goodwood (American gentleman) Suitor 2 Lord Warburton (English aristocrat)

18. Devious(不诚实的) Slippery Mean Arrogant Sophisticated Cruel Sinister（邪恶的) Art collector Aesthete(审美家) Gilbert Osmond (American Expatriate in Italy 住在意大利的美国人)

19. Madame Merle American Expatriate in Italy Graceful , Manipulative(善于控制的) Pansy Osmond Edward Rosier (Art collector)

20. 1872 Gardencourt (花园山庄) England Madame Merle Lord Warburton Ralph Touchett Caspar Goodwood

21. Florence Rome Lord Warburton Gilbert Osmond Madame Merle Pansy Osmond Edward Rosier

22. Gardencourt (花园山庄) England Ralph Touchett Caspar Goodwood

23. theme • Freedom • Responsibility • Betrayal • Sexuality and diffidence

24. International Theme • The meeting America and Europe ,American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence, and its moral and psychological complications • American innocence in face of European sophistication

25. The Portrait of a Lady is one of the most typical examples to express the “International theme”

26. Point of View • It is the relationship of the storyteller or narrator to the story.A story has a first—person point of view if one of the characters, referred to as “I “, tells the story.A story has a limited third—person point of view if the narrator reveals the thought of only one character as “he" or “she".

27. Point of View • A narrator who tells the thoughts of all the characters and who tells things that on one character could know uses the omniscient(all-knowning), or third—person point of view

28. Stream of consciousness (narrative mode) • In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions. The introduction of the term to describe literature - transferred from psychology - is attributed to May Sinclair, and is mostly a dead metaphor

29. Stream of consciousness (narrative mode) • Stream-of-consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow, tracing a character's fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings. Stream of consciousness and interior monologue are distinguished from dramatic monologue, where the speaker is addressing an audience or a third person, and is used chiefly in poetry or drama.

30. Stream of consciousness (narrative mode) • In stream of consciousness, the speaker's thought processes are more often depicted as overheard in the mind (or addressed to oneself) and is primarily a fictional device. The term was first introduced to the field of literary studies from that of psychology by philosopher and psychologist William James, brother of writer Henry James.

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