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Russian Education of the Last Three Centuries

Russian Education of the Last Three Centuries. Elizabeth Kramer Liberty University. Nineteenth Century. Tsarist Abolitionism Nicholas I Indoctrination Autocracy Orthodoxy Nationalism Principles of Tsarist Autocracy Reverence for the Tsar Patriotism Socioeconomic status quo.

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Russian Education of the Last Three Centuries

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  1. Russian Education of the Last Three Centuries Elizabeth Kramer Liberty University

  2. Nineteenth Century • Tsarist Abolitionism • Nicholas I • Indoctrination • Autocracy • Orthodoxy • Nationalism • Principles of Tsarist Autocracy • Reverence for the Tsar • Patriotism • Socioeconomic status quo

  3. Nineteenth Century • Alexander II • Nicholas’ son • Reform • Liberated Serfs • Zemstvo Schools • Compared to Parish Schools

  4. Nineteenth Century • Intelligentsia • A “Think-Tank” for Change • Teachers, Students, Writers, and Artists • Attempted to bring about change • Alexander Herzen (1812-1870) • Intelligentsias and theorist • Exile living in London • Wrote the Kolokol • Russian Enlightenment • Nicholas Chernyshevsky (1828-1889) • What Is to Be Done?

  5. Nineteenth Century • Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) • War and Peace • Social Reform Based on Simplification • Yasnaya Polyana • Society of National Education • Educational Tour of France, Germany, and England

  6. Nineteenth Century • Alexander III (1827-1907) • Became Tsar in 1881 • Ruled Russia like Nicholas I • Firm hand and Authoritarian • Tsarist Autocracy • Repress Criticism of Government • Police Power • Centralized Government • Propaganda • Konstantin Pobedonostev (1827-1907) • Chief Advisor • Tsarist Russia Falls

  7. Twentieth Century • The Soviet government and Communism • Nikolai Lenin (1870-1924) • Schools are a Weapon • Education is Not the Primary Concern • Working-Class Schools • Three Purposes • Separation of Church and School • Anatoli Lunacharski (1875-1933) • Unified Educational System • Workers School • Brigades • Western Philosophies

  8. Twentieth Century • Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) • Eliminated the Lunacharski System of Education • Authoritarian Education Again • Basic Skills needed for trades • Fixed number of hours required • Methodical Direct Instruction • Texts were re-written and censored by Russian government • Post WWII Era • Push Socialist Ideals throughout Eastern Europe • Propaganda • Soviet Cultural Life

  9. Twentieth and Twenty-First Century • Twentieth Century • Fall of Communism • Mikhail Gorbachav • Schools had to be a catalyst for change • Removed low standards and bureaucrat involvement in schools • Glasnost • Communism Falls in 1991 • Twenty-First Century • Reform • New Kind of Teacher • New System • Globalization

  10. References Gutek, G. (1995). Russian Education. In A History of the Western Educational Experience (2nd ed., pp. 420-451). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. Kholostova, T. (2007). Journal Of Education. Problems in Today's Russian Education System, 188(3), 63-73. Matrosov, V. L. (2011). Russian Education & Society. The New School Teacher for the New Russian School, 53(11), 73-83. Valkanova, Y. (2009). The Passion for Educating the “New Man”: Debates about Preschooling in Soviet Russia, 1917–1925. History Of Education Quarterly, 49(2), 211-221. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5959.2009.00197.

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