England’s Rulers

1. England’s Rulers Parliament’s Impact

2. I. Monarchs Defy Parliament • Elizabeth died in 1603 and left a huge debt and no heir

3. James I • James I becomes King of England while also ruling Scotland – 1603 • James’ Troubles with Parliament • Fought over money • Made Puritan members upset because he was Catholic • Parliament wanted James to “purify” the English church of Catholic ways – James refused

5. Charles I • James dies 1625 • Charles I, James’ son, now king of England • He needed money for wars with Spain and France • He calls Parliament to session • Refuse to give him money until he signs the “Petition of Right”

6. Charles I

7. Petition of Right • No imprisonment with out due cause • Can not house soldiers without Parliament’s permission • No new taxes without Parliaments consent • No martial law in peacetime

8. Charles I • Signs Petition but quickly ignores • Significance of Petition • Established the idea that the law was greater than the power of the king • This goes against the idea of Absolutism • 1629 he dissolves Parliament and raises money by taxing the people

9. II. English Civil War • Charles offends Puritans by holding on to Catholic traditions in English church • Also wants England and Scotland under one idea of the Bible • Scots threaten to revolt and invade England • Charles calls Parliament into session and sees and opportunity for revenge

10. War Topples a King • Parliament leaders revolt – mobs attack Charles who runs to northern England where there are people who will be loyal to him

11. English Civil War 1642 - 1649 • Supporters of Charles I were called Royalist, or Cavaliers • Supporters of Parliament were the Puritans but were called Roundheads (because of their short round bowl haircuts)

12. English Civil War Rivales Royalist, or Cavaliers Roundheads

13. Oliver Cromwell • 1645 – Puritans were led by Oliver Cromwell defeated the Cavaliers and held Charles II prisoner • He was sentenced to death • *This was the first time a sitting king had been faced with trial and execution • (this was another blow to absolutism)

14. Cromwell’s Rule • He abolished the monarchy • Established a Republican form of government • Drafted the 1st Constitution of any European State • He eventually becomes a Dictator

15. Oliver Cromwell’s Impact on England Puritan Ideas: Abolished activities such as theater, Sports, and Dancing Religious Toleration for Christians, Jews, but not Catholics

16. Restoration • Cromwell died in 1658 • Parliament restored • Charles I son, Charles II, rules and restores the English monarchy – this began the Restoration

17. Habeas Corpus • This allowed any prisoner the right to obtain a document ordering they be brought before a judge to hear the charges against them • A monarch could no longer put someone in jail for opposing him • No longer people could be held without trials

18. Charles II to James II • Charles II dies, his brother James II is the new King and is Catholic • Whigs opposed James as ruler • Torrierssupported James as ruler • (these parties were England’s first political party)

19. Glorious Revolution • James oldest daughter, Mary, was Protestant • Mary and her husband, William, were invited to overthrow James “for the sake of Protestantism” • James fled – this led to a bloodless revolution • William and Mary are now the rulers of England

20. Limits placed on the Monarch • William and Mary established a Constitutional Monarchy – this limited the ruler’s power • Bill of Rights – 1689 – Rulers could not: • Suspend Parliament Laws • No taxes without Parliament’s consent • Freedom of Speech in Parliament • Citizens able to petition king about concerns

21. Cabinet System Develops • Parliament and monarchy must agree for government to run – if not government at a standstill • A cabinet was developed • Represented the party majority in Parliament – they lead the Cabinet • Leader of the majority was called the Prime Minister • The English leader today is called the Prime Minister