Coated abrasive

1. Coated abrasive PT. Universal Abrasivindo Industrial, Jakarta, Indonesia July 2019 By Antonio W. Jatmiko Cc = Mr. Andriy

2. About Us • PT.Universal Abrasivindo Industrial manufactures all kind of Coated Abrasive with Export Quality products. • For making our productions, we bring the Japan technology. • Our capacity products are about 1.300.000 sqm monthly, and we have already exported our abrasive papers to Five Continents (America, Australia, Asia, Africa and Europe).

3. About Us (continue…) • We can produce all kinds of abrasive papers, abrasive cloths, abrasive belts, abrasive discs and also OEM products. • PT.Universal Abrasivindo Industrial is a team of people working together toward a common purpose. • The success of this team effort is determined by our shared values, the principles that guide our actions and each individual commitment to those values. • By making this commitment, our professional relationship is mutually beneficial. • As each member of PT. Universal Abrasivindo Industrial team adopts corporate goals as their goals, the company approaches by adopting the personal and professional goals of each individual as a corporate goal. • We are committed to our customers, our nation and to ourselves. This is our commitment. • PT.Universal Abrasivindo Industrial would like to take this opportunity in achieving business relations and technology exchange to assist us in the further development of our products, and we would be pleased to accept your advice and criticize on our coated abrasive to improve our quality and technology. We hope we can establish mutual and pleasant business relations with you.

4. Company Profile • Was established in year 1984, and based on importing abrasive papers from China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan and other countries. 1990 is remembered as the most challenging year in, PT.Universal Abrasivindo Industrial history, as the factory started to commerce with Korean Joint Venture. We took over the company all by our own as a team of people that working together in the year of 1991. At first, PT. Universal Abrasivindo Industrial produce all types of abrasive papers, they are Waterproof Wet & Dry, Lubricated and Latex Waterproof abrasive papers. The weight kinds that we produce for abrasive paper are in A, B, C, D, E and F weight. And beside in sheet, we also produce all types of paper in belts, rolls and discs, include Fiber Disc. In 2001, PT. Universal Abrasivindo Industrial build some new manufacturing for cloth-coated abrasive in order to complete the variety of products, such as X weight, Y weight, J weight, and very flexible J weight for abrasive belt, roll, and discs. By mid of this year (2002) we start produce the abrasive cloths. Also we have sister company, which produced Bonded Abrasive. Jakarta, 30 January 2002HalimHermawanCEO

5. Coated Abrasive definition • Sandpaper and glasspaper[1] are names used for a type of coated abrasive that consists of sheets of paper or cloth with abrasive material glued to one face. Despite the use of the names neither sand nor glass are now used in the manufacture of these products as they have been replaced by other abrasives such as aluminium oxide or silicon carbide. Sandpaper is produced in a range of grit sizes and is used to remove material from surfaces, either to make them smoother (for example, in painting and wood finishing), to remove a layer of material (such as old paint), or sometimes to make the surface rougher (for example, as a preparation for gluing). It is common to use the name of the abrasive when describing the paper, e.g. "aluminium oxide paper", or "silicon carbide paper"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandpaper)

6. Raw Material • Grain • Silicon Carbide • Aluminum Oxide • Zirconia Alumina • Backing • Paper • Cloth • Vulkanized fiber • Resin • Epoxy Resin • Phenolic Resin

7. Grain • Silicon Carbide (SilikonKarbida) • Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum/kɑːrbəˈrʌndəm/, is a semiconductor containing silicon and carbon. It occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite. Synthetic SiC powder has been mass-produced since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. Electronic applications of silicon carbide such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and detectors in early radios were first demonstrated around 1907. SiC is used in semiconductor electronics devices that operate at high temperatures or high voltages, or both. Large single crystals of silicon carbide can be grown by the Lely method and they can be cut into gems known as synthetic moissanite. SiC with high surface area can be produced from SiO2 contained in plant material. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_carbide) • Aluminum Oxide (Alumina) • Zirconia Alumina

8. Grain • Aluminum Oxide (Alumina) • Aluminium oxide (IUPAC name) or aluminum oxide (American English) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formulaAl2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium(III) oxide. It is commonly called alumina (regardless of whether the element is spelled aluminum or aluminium), and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, or alundum depending on particular forms or applications. It occurs naturally in its crystalline polymorphicphase α-Al2O3 as the mineralcorundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstonesruby and sapphire. Al2O3 is significant in its use to produce aluminium metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxide) • Zirconia Alumina

9. Grain • Zirconia Alumina • Zirconia alumina is commonly used as a sand-blasting medium. It is typically used as an abrasive in casting and foundry processes. Zirconia alumina is a mixture of zirconium dioxide and aluminium oxide. Zirconia toughened alumina typically consists of alumina with a 10 to 20 percent zirconia concentration, which enhances the toughness of the alumina. To achieve the increase in the composite’s strength, a process known as stress induced transformation toughening takes place. Stress induced transformation toughening results in uniform internal strain, which causes the zirconia structure to crack, and the zirconia particles to switch phases. Because of this phase switch, the amount of zirconia particles increases and creates stresses within the alumina’s structure. These stresses effectively heal the crack and block further cracking—the added zirconia doubles the composite’s strength and enhances toughness between two and four times.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconia_alumina)

10. Backing • Paper • For the paper we use Hard Tear Paper (not easily ripped) withLong Fiber. There are few type of paper as follows: A-wt, C-wt, D-wt, E-wt, F-wt, G-wt.

11. Backing • Cloth • Colth that we use have many types as follows = JJ-wt, J-wt, X-wt dan Y-wt. The different are for the flexibilty of the cloth. JJ-wt is the most flexible and Y-wt is the most stiff.

12. Production Process • Unrolling backing material • Applying “maker” bond • Electrostatic application of grit • Oven treating the “maker” bond • Applying the “sizer” bond • Oven treating the “sizer” bond • Creating a jumbo roll Source (http://www.floorsanding.com/)

13. Production Process • Backing material • Maker Bond • Grit material • Sizer bond Source (http://www.floorsanding.com/)

14. Abrasive Converting • Sheets • Discs • Rolls (small rolls and jumbo rolls) • Belt – Narrow Belt, Wide Belt, etc • Special Order converting • Flap Disc, Flap Wheel • etc

15. Product Range • Abrasive Paper In Sheets • Waterproof abrasive paper (Silicon Carbide) P60 – P8000 • Wet and Dry Abrasive Paper (Silicon Carbide) P60 – P2000 • Zinc Stearate Aluminum Oxide (Finishing Abrasive Paper) P60 – P400 • Zinc Stearate Silicon Carbide(Finishing Abrasive Paper) P60 – P800 • PSA / Velcro Disc and Roll • Platinum Zinc Stearate Aluminum Oxide P60-800 (Size 4”, 5” and 6”) • Dark Gold Zinc Stearate Aluminum Oxide P60-400 (Size 5”, 7”, 9”, 12”, 14” and 16”) • E-wt Aluminum Oxide Abrasive Paper P60-800 (Size 5”, 7”, 9”, 12”, 14” and 16”) • E-wt Silicon Carbide / Waterproof Abrasive Paper P60-800 (Size 4”, 5” and 6”) • Gold Zinc Stearate Aluminum Oxide P60-400 (Size 5”, 7”, 9”, 12”, 14” and 16”)

16. Product Range (continue…) • Floor Dry Wall Sanding Sheet • Floor sanding roll Aluminum Oxide (Red Colour) Size 4”, 8”, 12”, and 24” available for P60-180 • Floor sanding disc Aluminum Oxide (Red Colour) Size 5”, 6”, 7”, 8”, 9”, 12”, 14”, 16”, 18”, 20” available for P60-180 • Floor sanding disc Silicon Carbide (Black Colour) Size 5”, 6”, 7”, 8”, 9”, 12”, 14”, 16”, 18”, 20” available for P60-180 • Floor sanding roll Silicon Carbide (Black Colour) Size 4”, 8”, 12”, and 24” available for P60-180 • Drywall sanding Green in Shees (Aluminum Oxide) size 4-3/16”, 3-5/16” • Drywall sanding Black in Shees (Silicon Carbide) size 4-3/16”

17. Product Range (continue…) • Abrasive Cloth in Rolls • Nippon Star Roll available in P36-P400 size 4”,6”,8” • X-wt Abrasive Cloth Aluminum Oxide • X-wt Abrasive Cloth Aluminum Oxide for Metal Working • J-wt Flexible Abrasive Cloth Aluminum Oxide (Poly Cotton backing) • JJ-wt Very Flexible Abrasive Cloth Aluminum Oxide • Abrasive Paper in Rolls • E-wt Abrasive Paper Aluminum Oxide P36-P800 • Sanding Belt • Finger joint sanding belt • Tape joint sanding belt • Overlap Joint sending belt • Overlap joint with Skiving sanding belt

18. Product Range (continue…) • Flap Disc • Flap Disc Aluminum Oxide size 100mm x 16 mm available P40-P240 • Flexible Flap Disc Aluminum Oxide size 100mm x 16 mm available P40-P240 • Fiber Disc • Fiber Disc Aluminum Oxide for Wood Working size 4”, 5”, 7” available P16-P120 • Fiber Disc Aluminum Oxide for Metal Working size 4”, 5”, 7” available P16-P120

19. Waterproof Abrasive Paper • Size of the sheet = 9”x11” (230mm x 280mm) • The based paper is covered with modified alkyd resin to make it waterproof • The grain is Silicon CarbidewithFEPA Standard i.e. P 60, P 80, P 100, P 120, P 150, P 180, P 220, P 240, P 280, P 320, P 360, P 400, P 500, P 600, P 800, P 1000, P 1200, P 1500, P 2000 • The glue that we use is Epoxy Resin • Only use for wet sanding, not suitable for dry sanding • If use in dry sanding, it’s easy to ripped because the paper is stiff • It’s recommended to soak in the water before use to make it flexible

20. Wet and Dry Abrasive Paper • Size of the sheet = 9”x11” (230mm x 280mm) • The based paper is covered with latex based acrylic resin to make it waterproof • The grain is Silicon CarbidewithFEPA Standard i.e. P 60, P 80, P 100, P 120, P 150, P 180, P 220, P 240, P 280, P 320, P 360, P 400, P 500, P 600, P 800, P 1000, P 1200, P 1500, P 2000 • The glue that we use is Epoxy Resin • Can be use in dry and wet sanding • It’s not recommended to soak in the water before use because the base paper is already flexible

21. Zinc Stearate Aluminum Oxide Abrasive Paper • Size of the sheet = 9”x11” (230mm x 280mm) • The based paper is covered with latex based acrylic resin to make it waterproof • The grain is Aluminum Oxide withFEPA Standard i.e. P 60, P 80, P 100, P 120, P 150, P 180, P 220, P 240, P 280, P 320, P 360, P 400 • The glue that we use is Epoxy Resin • It only use for dry sending • There are a cover of zinc stearate at the top of the grain, which is use to put away the dust when it sanding • Recommended for wood working sanding (soft-medium wood)

22. Zinc Stearate Silicon Carbide Abrasive Paper • Size of the sheet = 9”x11” (230mm x 280mm) • The based paper is covered with latex based acrylic resin to make it waterproof • The grain is Silicon Carbide withFEPA Standard i.e. P 60, P 80, P 100, P 120, P 150, P 180, P 220, P 240, P 280, P 320, P 360, P 400 • The glue that we use is Epoxy Resin • It only use for dry sending • There are a cover of zinc stearate at the top of the grain, which is use to put away the dust when it sanding • Recommended for wood working sanding (hard wood)

23. Competitive advantage • Compare to European abrasive products such as Norton, Ekamant, Klingspor, VSM, Starcke, 3M, Matador, Hermes, Mirka etc • Our product quality is quite equivalent with theirs but our price is much cheaper • Compare to Japan/Korea abrasive products such as Fuji Star, Sankyo, Korvac, Nikken, Deerfos, NCA, Paco etc • Our product quality is quite equivalent with theirs but our price is much cheaper • Compare to China abrasive products such as Taiyo, Eagle Brand, Inax, RMC, Fukuda, Double Eagle, Black Puma, Radium, Grey Hound, Soligen etc • Our product quality is much more better than this products and also our standard of grain is using FEPA (European Standard) • Most of China abrasive print “jump” 1 to 2 grit meaning for example abrasive grain 120, they print on the baking P 180

24. Question