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Image Intensifier/CCD option for fiber readout. S. Manly (Rochester), R. Ransome (Rutgers) Minerva collaboration meeting, FNAL, June 2003. Thanks to C.Walters, E.Kearns, M.Sakuda from K2K, B.Moore from Hamamatsu
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Image Intensifier/CCD option for fiber readout S. Manly (Rochester), R. Ransome (Rutgers) Minerva collaboration meeting, FNAL, June 2003 Thanks to C.Walters, E.Kearns, M.Sakuda from K2K, B.Moore from Hamamatsu Plots acquired from K2K papers (hep-ex/0206041, 0004024), Roper Scientific technical note #11, Hamamatsu Image Intensifier catalog, Roger Rusak/Ken Heller’s talk (ANL, April 2003)
Used successfully in past for fiber trackers in HEP UA2 - 60K fibers DONUT - 500K fibers CHORUS - 1.2 million fibers K2K - 275K fibers
From Roper Scientific Image Intensifiers/CCDs Microchannel plate Hamamatsu Gain is on the order of 103 to 104 per MCP stage
Image Intensifiers/CCDs • Many choices of configuration: • Photocathode (size and material) • number of MCP stages • phosphor • optical or fiberoptic taper to CCD (if needed) • CCD vs. EB-CCD From Roper Scientific
Simplest option, do as K2K did: (tracking only) 2 stage (1electrostatic, 1 MCP) 100 mm diameter photocathode pack ~11,500 0.7 mm fibers/unit P20 phosphor (slow, 1 ms decay)
Fiber packing and calibration: K2K ~11,500 fibers per unit 100 mm diam units, 0.7 mm fibers
Discussions (Ransome) with Kearns,Walters, Sakuda, Moore K2K happy with their system IIT used by K2K no longer available Camera used by K2K no longer available Simplest option not available
Discussions (Ransome) with Kearns,Walters, Sakuda, Moore • They suggest we consider: • C8600 intensifier (2-stage MCP) • good linearity • 200 ns gate • can come with P47 fast decay phosphor • 18 mm dia photocathode ~$28K per unit
Phosphor choices Hamamatsu
Suggested camera = C7190 Electron Bombardment CCD camera Has gain, good linearity expensive ($59K/unit)
C7190 & C8600 combination • has ~108 gain • may be linear enough to get some pulse height info • fast enough to get some timing info (O(200 ns) gating and decay time with P47 phosphor) • has small photocathode diameter (will want demagnification stage in front) • costs $90K per unit
C7190 & C8600 combination • go to cheaper camera? No gain, means need three stage IIT probably (unless 106 is enough) • How much demagnification can we get? How big are our fibers (.5 mm vs. 1.2 mm is a big difference)? Current working cost estimate for 20K channels is $300K
Transition from last stage to CCD: lens vs. fiber coupling Fiber coupling is advised for low light uses Need to look at cost/benefit for our system Use such a taper for the front of our system?
In the works ... Sakuda says Hamamatsu is developing an IIT with the luminescent plate replaced by a CCD or a multi-pixel avalanche photodiode (MPAD) … called HPD Expensive and under development.
Still much to think about ... Understand post CCD readout - digitized signal comes from the camera, full readout at 4-7 Hz Phosphor tradeoffs? MCP lifetime (CHORUS replaced ~3% MCP’s every 6 months) Camera vs. 3-stage IIT tradeoff Demagnification limitations