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Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Outline we may need to save some topic in lecture. Origins of HIV based on scientific evidence HIV viral particle Mechanism of infection Transmission Treatment AIDS Prevention. Red capped mangabey monkey.
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Virsuses:Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome& Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Outlinewe may need to save some topic in lecture • Origins of HIV based on scientific evidence • HIV viral particle • Mechanism of infection • Transmission • Treatment • AIDS • Prevention
Red capped mangabey monkey Greater spot nose monkey SIV cpz almost identical to HIV 1 Humans
Pan troglodytes troglodytes Simian Virus (SIV cpz) almost identical to HIV 1
Sooty mangabey monkey Simian Virus corresponds to HIV2
HIV: Structure and mechanism of replication
Mechanism of Infection Infects Th cell VIRAL RNA Integrates into host DNA “activated” PROVIRAL DNA LYTIC STAGE storage LYSOGENIC STAGE
HIV animations http://www.hivinfosource.org/hivis/hivbasics/animations/index.html http://search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1601834254601 http://search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1669495456158
HIV and helper T cells HIV-1 HOST CELLS:helper T lymphocyte, macrophages
Transmission of HIV • Biological fluids • Blood • Sexual transmission (Semen) • Breast milk • Transplant tissues
Non-transmitting sources of HIV • Tears • Saliva • Mosquito or insects • Swimming pool • Food handling
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)Cocktail Therapy
Examples of anti-retroviral drugs • Cocktail Drug Mixtures • Protease inhibitors • Non-nucleoside RT Inhibitors (NNRTIs) • Nuleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs) • * Fusion Inhibitors *Fuzeon • Integrase Inhibitors
Fusion Inhibitors block • Co-receptors on host cell • Gp120/gp 41 on viral particle or
Co-Receptors Binds naturally occurring chemokines CCR5 or CXCR4 (fusin)
Prevention • Condoms • Clean needles • Treatment of pregnant mother with anti-viral drugs • Blood screening • Abstinence
Symptoms of AIDS • Decrease T cell count • Rapid weight loss • Recurring fever and dry cough • Profound fatigue • Swollen lymph glands
Symptoms of AIDS • Persistent diarrhea • Unusual blemishes on the tongue, mouth, or throat • pneumonia • memory loss, depression
Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeOpportunistic Diseases and cancer • pneumonia • Kaposi’s Sarcoma Kaposi’s Sarcoma