HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION AND IMPERIALISM

1. HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION AND IMPERIALISM The Silk road Capitalism Industrialization Imperialism

2. THE SILK ROAD • The desire for rare treats was an early prompter of international trade • Over time extensive trading routes developed overland and overseas • The oldest and longest trading network was known as the Silk Road • It was a network of trails involving river valleys, mountain ranges, and deserts • Beginning in the first century AD/CE, merchants diplomats and travellers used the routes that stretched from the Roman Empire in the west to China in the east • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfe-eNq-Qyg

3. THE SILK ROAD ROUTES

4. THE SILK ROAD ROUTES • Exchanges were not only economic, but cultural, scientific, religious, linguistic • Cities along the routes became cultural and artistic capitals, as well as centers of commerce • Mercantilism a system of regulated international trade promoted by the European governments, designed to make European monarchs rich emerged • In the 1500s, Spain, England, France and Portugal sponsored colonies in search of natural resources • Major companies including the Dutch and British East India companies developed • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGUbcdOayvQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqAVMubZ7ic

5. THE SILK ROAD ROUTES • Mercantilism was Eurocentric, putting the needs of the Europeans above the needs of the Indigenous peoples • Some partnerships were founded on respect, but that was not the norm • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9W4e_rN15xA&feature=related&safe=active John Cabot, claimed what is today Newfoundland shortly after the voyages of Columbus

6. THE NAMES FOR CAPITALISM

7. EARLY CAPITALISM • The 18th century was a time for challenging conventional ideas • François Quesney and A.R.J. Turgot led the fight for economic freedom during the French revolution • Adam Smith(1723-1790) solidified his views in his work The Wealth of Nations • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbFCUsVG-do

8. BASIC BELIEFS OF CAPITALISM • private property • price system based on supply and demand • competition • freedom to buy and sell • the profit motive • Minimal government intervention in economy • inequalities of wealth • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eP6iujgeWI&safe=active

9. COMPETITION AND FREEDOM • Key to Smith’s beliefs was the role of entrepreneurs • He believed the people were basically greedy, but society would benefit from this greed • However, from the earliest stages there were many who were critical of the capitalist philosophy • However one must understand that capitalism is the foundation of economic globalization today

10. ALTERNATIVES TO CAPITALISM • John Stuart Mill thought that government should enact laws to protect workers • Karl Marx came up with the concept of Central planning, where people work for government-owned and government-controlled enterprises • Russia, China and Cuba have all used central planning systems • In recent years many of these economies have taken steps towards capitalism • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsSLvbwFZh4

11. INDUSTRIALIZATION • Quite simply the shift from home based production using highly skilled craftspeople, to factory based production using semi-skilled workers • In England the transformation was so dramatic the term Industrial Revolution was applied • Cottage industries are places where a skilled craftsman does work by hand from the raw material to finished product stage

12. INDUSTRIALIZATION • New inventions helped both the consistency of products and the volume, which translated into lower costs for the consumer • In the early days, factory workers were in abundance, as a result they were treated poorly, paid poorly, and worked in unsafe and dangerous conditions • There were no protections for factory workers • Soon some enlightened thinkers like Robert Owen tried to improve the conditions for workers at his New Lanark factory • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g4Hjzv88Ko

13. IMPERIALISM AND EUROCENTRISM • Imperialism is an association that intentionally benefits one country over another • It is accomplished by laying claim to territories inhabited by indigenous peoples, and seizing land and resources through conflict or warfare, and finally imposing political control • During the 17th and 18th centuries European competition in imperialism was at its apex • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTjBNppdk-M&feature=related&safe=active

14. Who do each of the figures in the cartoon represent? In what ways is the cartoon a commentary on old style imperialism?Who is the cartoon sympathetic to? Who is it critical of? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmA&feature=related&safe=active

15. EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM • There were three distinct forms of imperialism practiced by the Europeans • Colonies, territories that belonged to a European country, it was completely subject to that European country • Protectorate, an area that maintained it’s own sovereignty but was guided by a European Country • Sphere of influence, an area in which a European country attempted to control both politics and economics

16. TRADE AND IMPERIALISM • The European countries imported raw materials from colonies and then produced finished goods using those materials, which were than market back to the source countries • In order to maintain this arrangement, European countries often impeded industrial development in their colonies, and placed restricted trading practices

17. THE IMPACTS OF IMPERIALISM • Indigenous peoples were often displaced • Indigenous systems of government and commerce were replaced by European systems • Exploitation of raw materials by Colonizing nations • Loss of Indigenous cultures and languages • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu6-TLC0NRQ&feature=related&safe=active