narkopolitika

1. narkopolitika problemebidaganviTarebisZiriTadimimarTulebebi 16 dekemberi, 2009

2. narkotikebisglobalurimoxmareba msoflios mosaxleoba (15-64 ww): 4,177 milioni (100%) mosaxleoba, romelic ar moixmars aralegalur narkotiks (15-64 ww): 3,977 milioni (95,2%) aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmarebis wliuri prevalentoba (15-64 ww): 200 milioni (4,8%) aralegaluri narkotikebis problemuri moxmareba (15-64 ww): 25 milioni (0,6%) World Drug Report, 2008

3. ineqciurinarkotikebismomxmarebelTaprevalentobamsoflioSi • maRali prevalentoba: • azerbaijani* • estoneTi * • saqarTvelo * • ruseTi * • ukraina * • malaizia • puerto riko • kanada • mavrikia • avstralia wyaro: Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review Bradley M Mathers, et al. Lancet 2008; 372: 1733–45

4. msoflioSiyovelwliuradnarkotikebis momxmarebelTa 2-3% zedozirebiTiRupeba heroinzedamokidebulTaSorissikvdilobis maCvenebeli 6-20-jer aRematebasikvdilobis maCvenebelsigiveasakiszogadpopulaciaSi wyaro: infeqciuri paTologiis, Sidsis da klinikuri imunologiis centri, 2009 msoflioSiaiv/SidsiTinficirebisSemTxvevaTa 5-10% ineqciurinarkotikebismomxmareblebze modis, magramzogierTqveyanaSies maCvenebeli 70%-s aRwevs saqarTveloSi – 59% wyaro: EMCDDA European Monitoring Center on Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2006

5. ZiriTadiproblemurinarkotikebi wyaro: World Drug Report, 2008

6. narkomaniisgavrcelebiswinaaRmdegbrZolisadakontrolismodelebi

7. akrZalva mxolod maSin muSaobs, Tuki masmxardaWeraaqvs sazogadoebisagan da Tuki arsebobskontrolis qmediTi meqanizmi

8. 2007 - ra xdeba saqarTveloSi? wyaro: Behavioural Surveillance Survey among Injection Drug Users GFATM 2008-2009

9. 2007 - ra xdeba saqarTveloSi?pirveli moxmareba wyaro: Behavioural Surveillance Survey among Injection Drug Users GFATM 2008-2009

10. ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa savaraudo raodenoba saqarTveloSi, 2007 weli • sulineqciurinarkotikebissavaraudomomxmarebeli39,000 - 41,000 • prevalentobaqveyanismasStabiT1,46% - 1,53% “ineqciurinarkotikebismomxmarebelTasavaraudoraodenobisSefasebakoeficientebismeTodisgamoyenebiT”18-65 asakismosaxleoba, saqarTvelo, 2007 weliEstimating the Prevalence of Injecting Drug Use using multiplier-benchmark method wyaro: Programme of Assistance for the Prevention of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking in the Southern Caucasus _ SCAD-5 Programme 2008-2009

11. narkotikebis moxmareba 16 - 17 wlis mozardebSisaqarTvelo, 2009 weli wyaro: The Alcohol and Other Drug Use in Georgian Students, pilot study rigorously following criteria of European School Project on Alcohol and Other Drug (ESPAD), SCAD Programme, 2009

12. problemebi raxdebasaqarTveloSi?

13. narkoviTarebasaqarTveloSi: saqmegvaqvsepidemiasTan?!

14. narkoepidemia

15. ra SeiZleba mohyves narkoepidemiis Semdgom eskalacias

16. narkotikulisaSualebebisadafsiqotropulinivTierebebismTlianimimoqceviskanonieradcnoba, maTSoris: narkotikulisaSualebebislegalizacia esniSnavsfsiqoaqtiurinivTierebebiskultivirebaze, warmoebaze, gavrcelebasadamoxmarebazelegaluriSezRudvebismoxsnas wyaro:UNODC UN Office on Dugs and Crime, 1992

17. narkotikuli saSualebebis dekriminalizacia gulisxmobsfizikuripirebissisxlissamarTlispasuxismgeblobisaganganTavisuflebasnarkotikulisaSualebebisadafsiqotropulinivTierebebisarasamedicinomizniTmoxmarebisgamo, imisdamiuxedavad, narkotikebismimoqcevalegalizebuliaTuara esniSnavs sisxlis samarTlispasuxismgeblobismoxsnasaralegalurifsiqoaqtiurinivTierebebis piradi moxmarebisaTvisflobaze, Senaxvasa da moxmarebaze wyaro:UNODC UN Office on Dugs and Crime, 1992

19. prevenciisdefinicia

20. narkomaniis pirveladi prevencia axalgazrdebSi inteleqtualuri, pirovnuli da socialuri kompetenciis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba

21. faqtorebi, romlebiczemoqmedebenmozardze garemos zegavlena interpersonuli faqtorebi Tanatolebi pirovnuli Tvisebebi socialur-politikuri mdgomareoba Temi genetikuri faqtorebi Rirebulebebi da ganwyobebi ojaxi masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi socialuri unarebi sakanonmdeblo baza pirovnuli faqtorebi skola kultura eklesia

22. axalgazrda Taoba saqarTveloSi krizisul socialur-fsiqologiur mdgomareobaSi imyofeba • dangreulia qcevis uwindeli moZvelebuli stereotipebi, normatiuli da RirebulebiTi sistema • axali stereotipebisa da faseulobebis Camoyalibeba xdeba qaosurad da usistemod • axalgazrdebs ar gaaCniaT is unar-Cvevebi, romlebic maT jansaRi da efeqturi cxovrebiseuli stilis CamoyalibebaSi daexmareboda • socialuri garemos mzardma moTxovnebma Seqmna masobrivi fsiqoemociuri daZabulobis atmosfero, ramac, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, ganapiroba axalgazrdebs Soris narkotikebis moxmarebis katastrofuli gavrceleba im adamianebs, visac urTierToba aqvs bavSvebTan da mozardebTan – pirvel rigSi, mSoblebsa da pedagogebs, ar gaaCniaT saTanado codna da unar-Cvevebi saimisod, rom bavSvebs fsiqologiuri da socialuri mxardaWera aRmouCinon, daexmaron cxovrebiseuli siZneleebis gadalaxvasa da jansaRi qcevis formirebaSi

23. strategiulisiaxle: narkomaniispirveladiprevenciaupirvelesiprioritetia prevenciaufroefeqturidaiafia, vidremkurnaloba

24. prevenciuli muSaobis mizani Tuki 10-dan 21 wlamde asakobriv SualedSi axalgazrda ar daiwyebs narkotikebis moxmarebas, imis albaToba, rom es adamiani narkomanebis ricxvSi aRmoCndeba, minimaluria

25. prevenciuli ganaTlebis arsi

26. fsiqologiuri "imunizacia” gadamdebi infeqciuri daavadebebis msgavsad, romelTa prevencia profilaqtikuri acrebis meSveobiT xdeba, gadamdebi arainfeqciuri, anu socialuri daavadebebis Tavidan asacileblad, TiToeul bavSvs esaWiroeba specialuri swavleba

27. narkopolitika narkotikebis legalurdaaralegalurwarmoebasadamaTmoxmarebasTandakavSirebulisaxelmwifoRonisZiebebismkafiodformulirebulidamecnieruladdasabuTebulisistema

28. ZiriTadi prioritetebi

29. kompleqsuri da dabalansebuli midgoma • narkotikebTan da narkomaniasTan dakavSirebuli strategia efuZneba 2 ZiriTad daSvebas: • narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoebis usafrTxoebas (socialuri da kriminologiuri argumenti) • narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoebis janmrTelobas (samedicino argumenti) am ori argumentis Sesabamisad, arsebobs ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis politika da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis politika

31. sazogadoeba narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebiaraaqvT problemuri moxmareba problemuri moxmareba surT, Sewyvitonnarkotikismoxmareba arsurT, an arSeuZliaTnarkotikismoxmarebisSewyveta • narkotikiargausinjavT • eqsperimentulimoxmareba • epizodurimoxmareba

32. sazogadoeba narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebiaraaqvT problemuri moxmareba problemuri moxmareba pirveladiprevencia mkurnalobadareabilitacia zianis Semcireba

33. strategiis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi moTxovnis Semcireba zianis Semcireba pirveladi prevencia mkurnaloba da reabilitacia

34. narkopolitikis strategiis prioritetebi

35. gansaxorcielebeli qmedebebi

37. politikis formula

38. samarTaldamcavmaorganoebmaaqcentinarkotikebismomxmareblebisagannarkotikebisgamsaReblebzeundagadaitanon. narkotikzedamokidebuleba – esdaaavadebaa; am adamianebssWirdebamkurnalobadaarasisxlissamarTlispasuxismgeblobisdakisreba. mivmarTavsaxelmwifoebs, uzrunvelyonnarkologiurimomsaxureobissayovelTaoxelmisawvdomoba. antoniomariakosta, gaerosnarkotikebTandadanaSaulTanbrZolis sammarTvelosaRmasrulebelidireqtori. 2009

39. WeSmariti siamovneba gulisxmobs naTel gonebas da mxolod mas SeuZlia WeSmariti siamovnebis miReba, vinc mzadaa, uari Tqvas wamier siamovnebaze ufro myari da saimedo dakmayofilebis misaRebad epikuri IV-III saukune Zv.w.a

40. CineTi • CineTi erTaderTi SemTxvevaa msoflio istoriaSi, roca fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis, kerZod, opiumis legalizacia xalxs Tavze sxva qveynis mTavrobam moaxvia • indoeTsa da CineTs Soris opiumiT vaWroba 1770-ian wlebSi daiwyo maSindelma britanelma gubernatorma, bengaliis generalma uoren hastingsma. is SeSfoTebuli iyo indoeTis mosaxlerobaze opiumis zemoqmedebis SedegebiT da gadawyvita, SeezRuda opiumis indoeTSi moxmareba da xeli Seewyo misi CineTSi eqsportisaTvis • 1830 wels mxolod erTi britanuli kompania 6000 yuT opiums hyidda, miuxdevad CineTis imperatoris akrZalvisa

41. CineTi (2) • CineTis xelisuflebis mcdelobebma, SeeCerebina es eqspansia, 2 e.w opiumis omi gamoiwvia britaneTsa da CineTs Soris, romlebic CineTis damarcxebiT dasrulda • CineTis xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, mieRo opiumis SeuzRudavi importis moTxovna • 1906 wlisaTvis 13,5 milioni Cineli (zrdasruli mosaxleobis 27%) opiumis mweveli iyo • 1906 wels specialuri brZanebulebiT aikrZala opiumis kultivireba da moxmareba

42. “britanuli sistema” • 1920 wlidan 60-ian wlebamde britanel eqimebs hqondaT opiatebze damokidebulebis mqone pirTaTvis heroinis gamoweris ufleba • zogierTi arakeTilsindisieri eqimi am uflebiT piradi gamorCenis mizniT sargeblobda • ganviTarda aralegaluri bazari, romelsac Semohqonda maralxarisxovani heroini iranidan da samxreT aRmosavleT aziidan • heroinis momxmarebelTa da damokidebulTa raodenobis swrafma zrdam (10 wlis ganmavlobaSi 30X gaizarda) da axalgazrdebs Soris narkotikebis moxmarebis gavrcelebam sazogadoebis SeSfoTeba da am problemis politizireba gamoiwvia. amitom eqimebis mier heroinis gamowera mkveTrad SeizRuda

43. narkotikebis legalizebis pirveli mcdeloba: aSS • 1970-ian wlebSi marixuanas Sesaxeb kanonebis Secvlis mizniT Seiqmna organizacia NORML (marixuanas Sesaxeb kanonebis reformirebis nacionaluri organizacia), romlis saqmianobas afinansebda fondi fleiboi • 1973 wels oregonis StatSi kanabisis preparatebis piradi moxmarebisaTvis Senaxva dekriminalizebul iqna da amisaTvis mxolod jarima dawesda. Semdgomi 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi mas kidev 10 Stati SeuerTda  • swrafad ganviTarda narkoatributikis industria; qveyanaSi gaCnda 30 000-mde e.w. “hed-Sopi”, maRazia, sadac iyideboda narkotikuli Tematikis Semcveli saTamaSoebi, aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmarebis atributebi, wignebi, broSurebi, romlebic aswavlidnen adamianebs, rogor moixmaron sxvadasxva narkotikebi • 70-iani wlebis bolosaTvis hedSopebi mravalmilioniani mogebis mqone industriad iqca, saskuTar yovelTviur Jurnalsac ki uSvebdnen “narkoatributikis daijesti” • mozardebze mimarTuli musikaluri da kinoproduqcia xotbas asxamda narkotikebis moxmarebas da arwmunebda axalgazrdebs, rom narkotikebi absoluturad usafrTxoa. bavSvebs aswvlidnen narkotikebis “gacnobierebul da zomier” moxmarebas

44. narkotikebis legalizebis pirveli mcdeloba:aSS (2) • 1962 wels narkotiki gasinjuli hqonda axalgazrdebis 1%-ze naklebs. 1979 wels - saSualo skolis moswavleTa 35%, ufrosklaselTa 65% da skoladamTavrebulTa 70% • mkveTrad gaizarda axalgazrdebs Soris sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli • Seiqmna mSobelTa gaerTianebebi, daiwyo farTomasStabiani profilaqtikuri muSaoba, mZlavr antinarkotikul moZraobaSi CaerTo saxelmwifo, mas-media, Seicvala kanonebi (moxda marixuanas rekriminalizacia) da narkoepidemia SeCerda • 1979 wlidan aSS-Si narkotikebis moxmareba 2X Semcirda. narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raodenoba 25 milionidan (1979) 13 milionamde Semcirda (1996). kokainis momxmarebelTa raodenoba – 5,7 milionidan 1,7 milionamde, Semcirda narkotikebTan dakavSirebul danaSaulebaTa ricxvi • amerikis antinarkotikuli strategiis umTavres prioritetad dRemde rCeba narkotikebis moxmarebis Tavidan acileba

45. narkopolitikaaSS • bolo 4 weliwadSi axalgazrdebs Soris aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmareba 19%-iT Semcirda • narkotikebis problemis mogvarebaze pasuxismgebelia narkotikebTan brZolis saagento (Drug Enforcement Agency, DEA), romelic iusticiis saministros struqturuli erTeulia. am federalur samsaxurSi 5,5 aTasi TanamSromelia (agentia), maT Soris – 1000 agenti muSaobs amerikis saelCoebSi msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi. saagentos gankargulebaSi aris 50 TviTmfrinavi, 65 vertrmfreni, 5 wyalqveSa navi • narkobiznesTan brZolaSi aqtiurad aris CarTuli gamoZiebis federaluri biuro da policia • narkotikebTan brZolis administracia ara mxolod narkobizness ebrZvis – aqtiurad aris CrTuli narkomaniis profilaqtikaSi axalgazrdebs Soris. qveyanaSi arsebobs alkoholizmis nacionaluri instituti, narkologiis nacionaluri instituti, narkomaniis problemze muSaobs 2,500 arasamTavrobo organizacia

46. Sveicaria – radikalurad liberaluri politikis “sacdeli poligoni” • 1970-iani wlebis bolos ciurixSi narkotikebis ramdenime “Ria bazari” arsebobda, maT Soris, “placpici”, romelSic 1986 wlamde mxolod kanabisiT vaWrobdnen, xolo Semdeg amas heroinic daemata. narkotikebis moxmarebis garTulebebis ricxvis mkveTrma zrdam aiZula qalaqis administracia, gadaexeda Tavisi gadawyvetileba  • 1987 wels 20-ze meti saxelmwifo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebma daiwyes muSaoba e.w “nemsebis parkSi” (needle park), sadac narkomanebs aRmouCendnen samedicino daxmarebas, reanimaciul RonisZiebebs, awvdidnen prezervativebs da erTjerad Spricebs, sakvebs. hqondaT tualetebi da saSxapeebi • miuxedavad aseTi momsaxurebisa, janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi ar Semcirebula, samagierod, gaizarda parkis mimdebare raionebSi danaSaulebaTa ricxvi, narkotikebis momxmarebelTa ricxvi. 1991 wels, qalaqis mosaxleobis moTxovniT, parki daixura  • Sveicarielebis mcdelobam, moexdinaT narkotikebis problemis geografiuli lokalizeba, marcxi ganicada

47. raTanxaixarjebanarkomaniisproblemismogvarebaze?

48. narkomaniasTan brZolis danaxarjebi 1 sul mosaxleze weliwadSi

49. ra ujdeba aSS-s1 narkomanis Senaxva weliwadSi- ekonomikuri tvirTi amerikul dolarebSi - wyaro: United States of America, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Policy Issues and Challenges in Substance Abuse Treatment, 2002 (www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/Policy.htm)

50. narkomaniisgavrcelebiswinaaRmdegbrZolisadakontrolismodelebi