Summary Rationale GERD PPIs Esomeprazole Study question, aim Methods Results Conclusions

1. In patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is Esomeprazole the most efficient proton pump inhibitor to induce mucosal healing? Introdução à Medicina II Class 16

2. Summary • Rationale • GERD • PPIs • Esomeprazole • Study question, aim • Methods • Results • Conclusions Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) • The reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus. • Causes a range of troublesome symptoms: - heartburn; - acid regurgitation; - (…) and complications: • - hemorrhage, stricture; • - Barrett’s esophagus; - adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus. Vakil et al. 2006 Sonnenberg et al, 1999

3. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) • Summary • Rationale • GERD • PPIs • Esomeprazole • Study question, aim • Methods • Results • Conclusions • Heal esophageal mucosal injury. • Highly selective and effective in their action and have few short or long-term adverse effects. • Eg.: Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole. Pettit M (2005). Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pharm World Sci. 27 (6):432-5.

4. It’s administration offers several pharmacokinetic advantages relatively to the first generation of PPIs. Coron E, Hatlebakk JG, Galmiche JP (2007). Medical therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol.23(4):434-9. Esomeprazole • Summary • Rationale • GERD • PPIs • Esomeprazole • Study question, aim • Methods • Results • Conclusions • Several studies have shown marginal differences in efficacy between various proton pump inhibitor regimens. Glatzel D, Abdel-Qader M, Gatz G, Pfaffenberger B (2006). Pantoprazole 40 mg is as effective as Esomeprazole 40 mg to relieve symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease after 4 weeks of treatment and superior regarding the prevention of symptomatic relapse. Digestion. 74(3-4):145-54.

5. Study question • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aim • Methods • Results • Conclusions • Is Esomeprazolemore effective in healing mucosal injury, relatively to Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole, in GERD patients? Aim • To compare efficacy of Esomeprazole relatively to others PPIs in: •  inducing mucosal healing • in GERD patients.

6. Methods • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aim • Methods • Study design • Bibliographic databases • Inclusion and exclusion criteria • Data to be extracted • Results • Conclusions • Study design  Systematic review. • Bibliographic databases • Medline (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/) • Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/) • ISI Web of Knowledge (http://isiwebofknowlegde.com/) • Inclusion and exclusion criteria Inclusion criteria: • randomized clinical trials; • focused on human adults (18 – 75 years old) with GERD; • treatment only with PPIs (Esomeprazole vs other); • until December of 2007. Exclusion criteria: • studies in pregnant; • studies in people with other illnesses beyond GERD.

7. Methods • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aim • Methods • Study design • Bibliographic databases • Inclusion and exclusion criteria • Data to be extracted • Results • Conclusions • Data to be extracted: • - number of individuals included in the study; - number of participants that abandoned the study; - reasons of abandonment; - number of treated individuals; - number of treated men; - number of treated women; - age of the participants; - participants’ habits (smoking, drinking…); - classification of the reflux (participants’ symptoms); - duration of the study (time until healing endoscopy);

8. Methods • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aim • Methods • Study design • Bibliographic databases • Inclusion and exclusion criteria • Data to be extracted • Results • Conclusions - interventions: - Esomeprazole: . doses; . time; . other medication; - tested PPI: . doses; . time; . other medication;

9. PUBMED N=214 142 7 ISI 8 12 15 SCOPUS 30 Results • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aim • Methods • Results • Papers selection • Papers description • Efficacy • Conclusions • Found articles

10. Results • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aim • Methods • Results • Papers selection • Papers description • Efficacy • Conclusions 214 articles 99 included 115 excluded 66 found 33 not found 12 included 54 excluded Age (3) Without Eso (36) Eso Vs placebo (5) With Eso, without comparison (3) PPI in general (3) Metanalysis (2) Evaluates quality of life (1) Evaluation of scales (1)

11. Results • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aim • Methods • Results • Papers selection • Papers description • Efficacy • Conclusions • Included articles * in these studies, the maximum value was not fixed. ** in this study, the mean of the ages of the participants was the variable considered

12. Results • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aim • Methods • Results • Articles • Paper selection: • Included articles, extracted data • Efficacy • Conclusions • Efficacy: Esomeprazole 20mg vs. old PPIs

13. Results • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aim • Methods • Results • Articles • Paper selection: • Included articles, extracted data • Efficacy • Conclusions • Efficacy: Esomeprazole 40mg vs. old PPIs

14. Conclusion • Summary • Rationale • Study question, aims • Methods • Results • Conclusion • With this study we found that, in general, Esomeprazole seems to be better at  healing and prevention of mucosal injury than other PPIs that already exist.

15. Ana Lopes Andreia Pinto Catarina Melo Diogo Dias Isabel Saavedra João Matias Mariana Ferreira Mariana Mangas Paula Neves Rita Sapage Rui Coelho Teresa Caridade Teresa Tavares Class 16 1st Year Introdução à Medicina II Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Advisor: Mário Dinis Ribeiro April 18th 2008