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Antiperspirants and Deodorants

Antiperspirants and Deodorants. Odor Sebaceous glands Sweat glands. Sebum = cholesterol, its esters, palmitic, stearic acid and their esters). Perspiration Regulation of body temperature

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Antiperspirants and Deodorants

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  1. Antiperspirants and Deodorants Odor Sebaceous glands Sweat glands Sebum = cholesterol, its esters, palmitic, stearic acid and their esters) Perspiration Regulation of body temperature Elimination of lactic acid

  2. Sweat glands 2,380,000 (body surface) eccrine glands (all over the body) apocrine glands (localized – post pubertal) Hyper-hydrosis: intense activity of eccrine (25000 in each auxiliary vault) = 12 grams of sweat per hour ( So injurious) Sweat is sterile and odorless But by the action of bacteria on primarily the apocrine sweat which is rich in organic material (ideal substrate for bacterial growth) malodor form.

  3. Eccrine sweat is highly diluted aqueous solution • But its moisture promotes odor production in two ways : • - the small amount of sticky oily material of apocrine • glands is dispersed over. • - the moisture in the warm vault completes an ideal environment for bacterial growth. • Auxiliary hair promotes • - hair act as a collecting site for apocrine sweat • - increases the surface area available for bacterial proliferation.

  4. Odor • Numerous odors substances are responsible - decomposition of the proteins -lower fatty acids, steroids and lactones (have no smell , but they fix the odor -combined action of food -physical and psychological conditions -individual property (dog detection) pheromones reflects psychological state of the individuals

  5. Methods to reduce or control auxiliary odor 1- Reduce apocrine sweating 2- Remove the secretions 3- Impede bacterial growth 4- Absorb body odor

  6. Antiperspirants • Mechanisms : • 1- Decrease the sweat production (anticholinergic drugs) • 2- Formation of a blockage or plug in the sweat duct (protein precipitant) • 3- Alteration of sweat duct permeability to fluids (methylene blue) • 4- Altering the physiological state of sweat ducts (Aluminum chloride), Aluminum chlorohydrate, Aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate (FDA approved).

  7. Safety requirements: Controlled particle size - Not less than 90% of emitted particles are greater than 10 µm. - Complete retention of particles in excess of 10 µm by nose

  8. Deodorants / ingredients • Antibacterial agents • - benzethonium chloride • - chlorhexidine acetate • - trichloro- hydroxy diphenyl ether (Triclosan) • Formulation forms: • Aerosols • Sticks • Creams • • Roll-On • •Soaps

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