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ENGINE OILS

ENGINE OILS. Engine Principles and Layout. APR1 52. 7-11-02. Engine Principles and Layout. Turbochargers. Increases the Airflow into the Cylinder Turbos Can Often Spin around 100,000 rpm Extremely Severe Environment for Lubrication. APR1 54. 7-11-02.

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ENGINE OILS

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  1. ENGINE OILS

  2. Engine Principles and Layout APR1 52 7-11-02

  3. Engine Principles and Layout Turbochargers • Increases the • Airflow into the • Cylinder • Turbos Can Often • Spin around • 100,000 rpm • Extremely Severe • Environment for • Lubrication APR1 54 7-11-02

  4. Engine Principles and Layout Pistons and Rings • Lightweight Materials • for Improved Effn. • Ring Location • Directly Related to • Exhaust Emissions

  5. Cooled EGR Impact on Lubricant • Increased Corrosion • Cooled EGR leads to condensation and formation of higher acid levels • Increased Soot • Increased levels of soot due to EGR • Increased Engine Temperatures • Engine coolant also used for EGR cooler Corrosion of EGR Valve

  6. CHALLENGES FOR ENGINE OIL • DIESEL ENGINE : A CHEMICAL REACTOR • ON PISTON RING - CYLINDER • OIL TEMP 300-4000C • HIGH PRESSURE • HIGH SHEAR • OXIDATION RATE • FOR 100C RATE IS DOUBLED • FOR 600C RATE IS 26 TIMES (64) • FOR 1000C RATE IS 210 TIMES (1024)

  7. CHALLENGES FOR ENGINE OIL • OIL SUMP • TEMPERATURE 150 - 2000C • MIXES WITH REACTION PRODUCTS • BLOW BY GASES • FUEL DILUTION • WATER • DUST

  8. CHALLENGES FOR ENGINE OIL • ADVERSE ENGINE ENVIRONMENT RESULTS IN • WEAR • CORROSION • DEPOSITS • OXIDATION

  9. FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OILS • PERMIT EASIER STARTING • LUBRICATE AND PREVENT WEAR • REDUCE FRICTION • PROTECT AGAINST RUST AND CORROSION • KEEP ENGINE INTERIORS CLEAN • COOL ENGINE PARTS • SEAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS • BE NON-FOAMING • AID FUEL ECONOMY

  10. EASY STARTING AND LUBRICATION AT HIGHER TEMP OIL PROPERTY REQUIRED • LOW OIL VISCOSITY DURING STARTING • RETAINTION OF VISCOSITY AT HIGH TEMP • VISCOSITY MODEFIERS REDUCE THE RATE OF VISCOSITY CHANGE WITH TEMP • POLYMERS EXPAND WITH TEMPERATURE TO COUNTERACT OIL THINNING

  11. Temp-Viscosity

  12. TYPICAL VISC VS TEMP RELATIONSHIP

  13. Multigrade Engine Oils Summer Grades Are Defined by Viscosity at 100°C Only KV 100°C (cSt) SAE 20 5.6 - 9.3 SAE 30 9.3 - 12.5 SAE 40 12.5 - 16.3 SAE 50 16.3 - 21.9

  14. Multigrade Engine Oils Winter Grades Are Defined by Viscosities at 100°C and Low Temperature Max CCS Viscosity (cP) 3250 at -30°C 3500 at -25°C 3500 at -20°C 3500 at -15°C 4500 at -10°C 6000 at -5°C Max. MRV TP-1 Viscosity (cP) 60,000 at -40 60,000 at -35 60,000 at -30 60,000 at -25 60,000 at -20 60,000 at -15 Min. KV 100°C (cSt) 3.8 3.8 4.1 5.6 5.6 9.3 Grade 0W 5W 10W 15W 20W 25W CCS = Cold Cranking Simulator MRV = Mini Rotary Viscometer

  15. Viscosity / Temperature Relationship Too Thick when cold Thick SAE 40 SAE 10W40 SAE 10W Increasing Viscosity Too Thin when hot 0o Thin C 150o C Winter starting temperature Engine operating temperature

  16. Multigrade Oil Properties • Seasonal Oil Changes Eliminated • Easier Starting Plus Good Wear Performance • Pumpability Assurance in Cold Climates • Reduced Oil Consumption • Reduced Fuel Consumption • Better Bearing Lubrication • Equivalent Engine Cleanliness Advantages

  17. Mechanism of Viscosity Modifier in Oil Effective Volume:Hydrodynamic Volume =Volume (Polymer Molecule) + Volume (Associated Oil) SOLUBILITY POOR GOOD TEMPERATURE POOR GOOD

  18. Protection Against Rust & Corrosion Metals to Protect • Iron - Main Metal Used to Forge Engine and Auxiliary Equipment • Copper - Present in Bearings and Seals • Lead - Present in Bearings • Aluminum - Used in Newer Cars and Trucks to Make Them Lighter for Better Fuel Economy CHEM7 48 7-3-97

  19. TO KEEP ENGINE CLEAN • DETERGENTS ARE USED IN THE FORMULATION TO KEEP ENGINE CLEAN AND FREE OF DEPOSITS • TYPICALLY METLLO ORGANIC COMPOUND ARE USED • METAL PART IS NORMALLY Ca, Mg, Na • ORGANIC PARTS ARE PHENATES, SULPHONATES • HOB TYPES ARE MORE COMMON • FUNCTIONS ON CHEMICAL REACTION WITH SLUDGE, VARNISH ETC TO NEUTRALISE THEM

  20. TO PREVENT OIL THICKENING • CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF SLUDGE, SOOT, CARBON, PRODUCTS OF OXIDATION ETC ARE GENERATED IN THE ENGINE. • ENGINE OIL CLEANS THESE FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE ENGINE • ALL THESE INCREASES SOOT AND SLUDGE LOADING IN THE OIL CONSIDERABLY • THESE HAVE A NATURAL TENDENCY TO AGGLOMERATE AND FORM BIGGER LUMPS WHICH ULTIMATELY CLOGS FILTERS AND ALSO DROPS OUT OF THE OIL AT DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE ENGINE

  21. TO PREVENT OIL THICKENING • PURPOSE OF DISPERSANTS IS TO KEEP INSOLUBLE CONTAMINANTS IN DISPERSED STATE IN THE OIL • MAINLY SUCCINIMIDES, SUCCINATE ESTERS, PHENOLIC AMINES ARE USED TO ACHIEVE THIS. • FUNCTIONS BY BONDING WITH CONTAMINANTS BY POLAR ATTRACTION THEREBY PREVENTING AGGLOMERATION. LONG CHAIN IS THE SOLUBLE PART WHICH KEEPS THEM IN SOLUTION

  22. Mechanism of Dispersant Function Soot Agglomeration and Wear Good Dispersant Coverage, Particles Do Not Agglomerate “Patchy” Dispersant Coverage, Particles Agglomerate - “Bare Spots” Touch Soot Soot Soot Soot 11-14-96 CHEM3 77

  23. TO REDUCE FRICTION • PURPOSE IS TO ALTER COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION • TYPICALLY ORGANIC FATTY ACIDS, AMIDES, HIGH MOL WT ORGANIC ACID ESTERS ARE USED. • WORKS ON PREFERENTIAL ADSORPTION OF SURFACE ACTIVE MATERIALS

  24. TO DEPRESS POUR POINT • Purpose : Enable lubricant to flow at low temperature • Typical compounds : Alkylated naphthalene and phenolic polymers, polymethacrylates. • Functions : Modify wax crystal formation to reduce interlocking.

  25. TO REDUCE FOAM • Purpose : Prevent lubricant from forming a persistent foam • Typical compounds : Silicone polymers, organic copolymers • Functions : Reduces surface tension to speed collapse of foam

  26. TO RATARD OXIDATION • Purpose : Retard oxidative decomposition • Typical compounds : Zinc dithiophosphates, hindered phenols, aromatic amines, sulfurized phenols • Functions : Decompose peroxides and terminate free radical reactions

  27. DIESEL ENGINE OILS

  28. DIESEL ENGINE OILS PERFORMANCE LEVELS API U.S. MILITARY B.I.S/OTHERS CA MIL-L-2104A - CB MIL-L-2104A(suppl 1) - CC MIL-L-2104B E-DL 1 CD MIL-L-45199B E-DL 2 CD+ MIL-L-2104C E-DL 3 CD II MIL-L-2104D/E - CE - - CF - - CF-4 MIL-L-2104E E-DL4 CF-2 MIL-L-2104F - CF-4 + - E-DL5 CG-4/CH-4 MIL-PRF-2104G E-DL6 CI-4 - E-DL7

  29. PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES • API CF-4 • 1990 DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE TYPICAL OF HIGH SPEED 4 STROKE ENGINES. • PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR ON HIGHWAY HEAVY DUTY TRUCKS • ENGINE TESTS REQUIRED • CRC L-38 : CORROSIVE WEAR PARTICULARLY IN BEARINGS • NTC 400 : DEPOSITS, OIL CONSUMPTION • CATERPILLAR 1K : PISTON CLEANLINESS • MACK T-6 : PISTON CLEANLINESS, OIL CONSUMPTION • MACK T-7 : OIL THICKENING DUE TO SOOT

  30. PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES • API CG-4 • 1994 DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE TYPICAL OF HIGH SPEED 4 STROKE ENGINES. • APPLICABLE FOR BOTH ON HIGHWAY AND OFF HIGHWAY HEAVY DUTY TRUCKS (BOTH FOR 0.5 % AND 0.05 % S FUEL) • PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR ENGINES MEETING 1994 EMISSION NORMS • ENGINE TESTS REQUIRED • CRC L-38 : CORROSIVE WEAR PARTICULARLY IN BEARINGS • SEQUENCE IIIE : OIL OXIDATION, WEAR • CATERPILLAR 1N : PISTON CLEANLINESS • GM 6.2 l : ROLLER FOLLOWER WEAR • MACK T-8 : OIL THICKENING DUE TO SOOT

  31. OTHER BENCH TESTS • REQUIREMENTS FOR CG-4 • CORROSION BENCH TEST : EFFECT ON COPPER, LEAD, TIN • FOAM TEST : FAMING TENDENCY / STABILITY • AERATION : AERATION PROPERTY • NOAK : VOLATILITY TEST • EXTENDED VOLATILITY • SHEAR TEST : ABILITY TO WITHSTAND SHEAR THINNING • REQUIREMENTS FOR CF-4 • CORROSION BENCH TEST : EFFECT ON COPPER, LEAD, TIN

  32. MAJOR DRIVING FORCES API CD-MILCY 30, 40, 50, HYL EXTRA-HYLUBE X-3 10W, 30, 40API CF+HP CHAMPIONAPI CF-4MILCY TOOFAN, HYL LL 15W 40MB 228.1-MILCY POWER, MILCY TURBOAPI CG-4MB 228.3--HP MILCY EUROLAPI CH-4HP DIESELINOAPI CI-4HP No1 LOW OIL CONSUMPTION LONG DRAIN PERIOD LONGER ENGINE DURABILITY

  33. HYLUBE HDX MULTIGRADE 20W-40 • PERFORMANCE BENEFITS : • Excellent engine protection under high temperature operation • Good engine start up under cold conditions • Better all-round performance APPLICATION AREAS All four stroke diesel engines for round the year operation SPECIFICATION API CC/SC, MIL-L-2104B & E-DL1/E-PL1 of IS: 13656-1993 PACKAGES 1 It, 3 It & 5 It , 20 It & 210 ltr

  34. HP LAAL GHODA 20W-40 • PERFORMANCE BENEFITS : • ALL ROUND PERFORMANCE AT LOW COST • ENGINE CLEANLINESS • EFFICIENT LUBRICATION APPLICATION AREAS Diesel engines of buses, trucks, taxis, tractors, pumpsets, DGs SPECIFICATION API CC/SC, MIL-L-2104B & E-DL1/E-PL1 of IS: 13656-1993 PACKAGES 1 It, 3 It & 5 It , 20 It & 210 ltr

  35. HYLUBE X-3 10W, 30, 40 • PERFORMANCE BENEFITS: • Maintain excellent engine cleanliness • Provides sufficient control on sludge & corrosive wear • Possess excellent oxidation stability APPLICATION AREAS Super charged diesel engines service typical in earthmoving and construction equipment, X-3 10W can be used as an hydraulic fluid in Caterpillar transmissions SPECIFICATION API CD & MIL-L-45199B & E-DL2 of IS: 13656-1993 PACKAGES 5 It ,20 It & 210 ltr

  36. MILCY 30, 40 • PERFORMANCE BENEFITS : • Extended TBN Quality reserves • Prevents oil thickening and enhances oil life • Posses absolute control of corrosive wear. • Excellent thermal & oxidation stability • Superior diesel engine Protection for prolonged engine life • Enhanced drain period • Outstanding engine cleanliness APPLICATION AREAS Diesel engine oil for both naturally aspirated & supercharged engines. SPECIFICATION API CD & MIL-L-2104C+Mack T-7, & EDL-3 of IS: 13656-1993

  37. HP MILCY POWER • PERFORMANCE BENEFITS: • Superior engine deposit control • Minimises ring sticking & liner wear. • Extended TBN quality reserves. • Reduce oil consumption & better fuel economy • Prolonged engine life. • Suitable for wide temperatures range. • Minimum insoluble build up • Excellent soot & sludge control APPLICATION AREAS For turbo-charged and super-charged heavy duty diesel engines fitted in both on and off highway services. Recommended for DG sets and Earthmoving equipment's as well. SPECIFICATION CARRIES API CF-4 DONUT. ALSO MEETS MIL-L 2104E, MB 228.1, CCMC D-4/G-4/PD-2 & E-DL3 of IS: 13656-1993

  38. HP MILCY EUROL 15W 40 • SPECIAL FEATURES • Premium quality diesel engine oil. Especially suitable for latest engines meeting BS II (Euro II) emission norms. • SPECIFICATIONS • API CG-4/SJ, ACEA A3-98,B3-98,E3-96, • MB 228.3, 229.1, Volvo VDS-2 • MAN 271, Mack EO-L • APPLICATION AREAS • New generation diesel engines of both heavy commercial and light duty applications particularly those meeting BS II emission norms. • PERFORMANCE BENEFITS • Excellent Control on high temperature deposits. • Exceptional thermal and oxidative stability. • Ensures compliance of emission standards

  39. Improvement : New Category • Mack T-8/T-8E • Soot Thickening • Mack T-9/T-10EGR • Ring & Liner Wear • Cummins M11/M11EGR • Valve Train Wear • Caterpillar 1P/1R • Piston Deposit, Sludge • Sequence IIIE/IIIF • Oil Oxidation

  40. HP DIESELINO 15W 40 • SPECIAL FEATURES • Premium Quality Diesel Engine Oil meeting highest level of performance and carrying API CH-4 accredition.This oil promises Engine Durability even under adverse applications. • SPECIFICATIONS • Meets API CH-4/CG-4, VOLVO VDS 2, MB 228.3 requirements • APPLICATION AREAS • New Generation Diesel Engines of Trucks ,Buses, Cars Construction Equipment & DG sets requiring API CH-4/CG-4/Volvo VDS -2 oils • PERFORMANCE BENEFITS • Excellent Soot handling properties. • Good control over soot induced Wear • Higher Levels of Piston Cleanliness • High Temperature Stability • Protection against oxidative & insoluble thickening

  41. PETROL ENGINE OILS

  42. PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES • API SF • 1980 THRU 1989 GASOLINE ENGINE SERVICE TYPICAL OF PASSENGER CARS. • IMPROVED OXIDATION STABILITY, ANTI WEAR • ENGINE TESTS REQUIRED • CRC L-38 : CORROSIVE WEAR PARTICULARLY IN BEARINGS • SEQUENCE IID : RUST • SEQUENCE IIID : OIL OXIDATION / WEAR • SEQUENCE VD : DISPERANCY / WEAR

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