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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Culturally Appropriate Career Counseling . Assumptions. Career counseling must take place within a cultural context Variables to consider in career counseling across cultures may differ in weight Models don't adequately explain career behavior of minorities

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 Culturally Appropriate Career Counseling

  2. Assumptions • Career counseling must take place within a cultural context • Variables to consider in career counseling across cultures may differ in weight • Models don't adequately explain career behavior of minorities • Perspective of cultural diversity/pluralism

  3. Career Counseling Goal • Have all clients make culturally appropriate career choices • NOT: make the same choices

  4. Culturally responsive Counseling: • Effective career counseling incorporates the impact of family, gender and culture • Allows clients to explore what role they want work to play in their lives, balance between work and family, messages to accept or discard • Incorporates multiple cultures

  5. Environmental Influences • Parental/Familial influences • Political system • Racism/Sexism • Acculturation • Cultural values

  6. Cultural Variables • Worldview • Racial/Ethnic Identity Development • Acculturation • Aspirations/expectations

  7. Worldview • Frame of reference through which one experiences life • African worldview: focus on group, its survival, and on harmony with nature (Nobles, 1976) • European worldview: focus on individual, survival of the fittest, control of nature

  8. Racial/Ethnic Identity Development • stage model : progresses through pro-White, anti-minority to pro-minority-anti-White, to appreciative of all groups with recognition of diversity • typology models: grouping individuals based on resolution of racial issues

  9. Locus of Control/Responsibility • European perspective: internal locus of control and responsibility • African perspective: internal locus of responsibility and external locus of control

  10. Career Intervention Models • Leong and Hartung • Leung • Fouad and Bingham

  11. Leong and Hartung (1997) • Recognition of vocational problems • Help seeking and use of career services • Evaluation of career problems • Implement career interventions • Outcome of intervention

  12. Leung (1995) • Focuses on career interventions • Systemic level • Group level • One-to-one level • Incorporates educational outcomes

  13. Fouad and Bingham-CACCM . Identification of career issues: -cognitive -social emotional -environmental -behavioral -external barriers Assess impact of cultural variables on career issues Setting culturally appropriate counseling process and counseling goals Establish rapport/ Culturally appropriate relationship Culturally appropriate intervention: -cognitive -social emotional -environmental -behavioral -external barriers Re-clarify issues Enter counseling Decision-making: career choice role integration adjustment information seeking Implementation of career plans and follow up Preparation for counseling: Culturally Competent Counselor and Client with concerns Exit counseling in Fouad, N.A. & Bingham, R. ( in press) Career counseling with racial/ethnic minorities In W.B. Walsh & S.H. Osipow (Eds). Handbook of Vocational Psychology, 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum

  14. Preparation for Counseling: • Cultural sensitivity: openness and enjoyment of clients' cultural experiences • knowledgeable about cultural groups • knowledge of cultural strengths • openness to clients as cultural teachers

  15. Preparation (cont.) • Knowledge of own worldview • Knowledge of own racial identity • become comfortable with clients of diverse backgrounds

  16. Step 1- Establish Relationship • Listen to and observe client's comments • Respond to client's main words and construct (using basic attending skills) • Check out statements with client • Set context for working consensus

  17. Step 2: Identification of Career Issues • Cognitive Issues • Social/Emotional Issues • Behavioral Issues • External Issues--working conditions • External Barriers: Discrimination, Oppression, racism/sexism

  18. Step 3: Assess Impact of Cultural Variables • How do cultural variables influence career decisions?

  19. Step 4: Setting appropriate goals • Appropriate Process-Appropriate Goals

  20. Step 5: Appropriate Interventions • Group interventions • involve the family • role models • native language usage • ethnicity/gender similarity • community resources • appropriate assessment

  21. Step 6: Decision- making • Career Choices • Adjustment • Clarification

  22. Step 7: Implementation and Follow-up • Support mechanisms • Follow-up

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