The French and Indian War, a.k.a “Seven Years War” (1754 – 1763)

1. The French and Indian War, a.k.a “Seven Years War”(1754 – 1763) The Birth of American Resistance to British rule Blue: Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal, with allies Green: France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden with allies

2. France’s Empire -French areas of colonization -St. Lawrence River Valley, -Quebec, - Great Lakes, -Louisiana -Interest in trading not colonizing -better relationship with Indians -English colonists want to expand into Ohio River Valley

3. France’s Empire -Indians resist and ally with French -Old rivalry with Britain -multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries -1754 conflict ignites again as French begin building forts near Virginia border

4. French and Indian War Portrait of George Washington – Charles Willson Peale The earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel's uniform of the Virginia Regiment from the French and Indian War. • -Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington led militia against the French • Washington lost Battle of Fort Necessity – forced to surrender and return to VA in disgrace • -The French and Indian allies won many early battles • Battle of Fort Duquesne • -However, the tide of the conflict changed after the British seize Louisbourg (1758), Quebec (1759), and Montreal (1760) • http://youtu.be/9rnDj0QpfmY • - Victory at Quebec finally gave the British control of the region • turning point of the conflict

6. Battle of Fort Duquesne, 1755 back

7. French and Indian War -Albany Plan of Union 7 colonies debate forming central government “Join or Die” – Benjamin Franklin in Poor Richard’s Almanac – the 1st political cartoon Proposed a central govt. with power to tax and raise army for “common defense” against French and Indians Plan rejected over issue of taxation Set precedent for future Continental Congress formed to unify colonies against Britain

8. French and Indian War • Treaty of Paris of 1763 • France lost all lands in America • Britain gains Canada; French settlement of Montreal and Quebec remain French today • Spain ceded Florida to Britain; received French land west of Miss. River (Louisiana) in return for Fla.

10. British views Low opinion of colonial military effort Poorly trained “Disorderly rabble” Colonies didn’t do their fair share Some colonies refused to contribute troops or money for war effort Proclamation of 1763 was necessary Protection of colonial empire Inability to pay for troops to protect settlers Forced colonists to pay for protection in frontier American views Proud of military contributions Gained confidence they could defend themselves Unimpressed with British troops or leadership “Old” methods of warfare were outdated and not suited for densely wooded terrain Americans learned British weaknesses and vulnerabilities Proclamation of 1763 began string of violations of colonial liberties and tradition of representative government Americans had fought and died for right to settle in west American defiance set tone for revolutionary resistence Opposing Views of British and Americans

11. Problems after the War • War left British govt. in huge debt • Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts and American settlers • conflicts were becoming costly for Britain • Proclamation of 1763 • stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns. • Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians • Ended Period of Salutary Neglect

13. What if the administration of Butler High School decided the new “electronic device” policy would be revoked, and from now on there would be no cell phone use between classes or at lunch? How would you feel? Describe how this is similar to how the relationship between Great Britain and the American colonies changed from 1607 to 1776? Complete p. 30 – “Immediate Causes of the American Revolution”

14. Tensions Build -British heavily in debt because of war -standing British Army in the colonies -Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products -smugglers avoid paying taxes

15. Tensions Build -writs of assistance -Sugar Act (1764) affected merchants and traders -protests began against taxation without representation James Otis: Called for cooperation among the colonies. This led to the so-called “Stamp Act Congress” (only colonials can tax colonials)

16. Stamp Act -Parliament passes Stamp Act (1765) -placed a direct tax on the colonists -required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards -affected many colonists rich and poor -Quartering Act, 1765

17. Stamp Act -Parliament passes Stamp Act -placed a direct tax on the colonists -required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards -affected many colonists rich and poor -Quartering Act, 1765

18. Resistance -Sons of Liberty Boston Samuel Adams John Adams -no taxation w/o representation -protests and boycotts were organized -stamp agents were harassed -law eventually repealed

19. Resistance -Sons of Liberty Boston Samuel Adams John Adams -no taxation w/o representation -protests and boycotts were organized -stamp agents were harassed -law eventually repealed

20. Resistance -Sons of Liberty Boston Samuel Adams John Adams -no taxation w/o representation -protests and boycotts were organized -stamp agents were harassed -law eventually repealed

21. Townshend Acts -new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint -colonists again reacted with protests -British reacted by sending more troops

22. Boston Massacre -March 1770 -protests by colonists -British troops fire on crowd -5 colonists killed Crispus Attucks -Most soldiers found not guilty John Adams served as attorney for the soldiers

23. DBQ – Albany Plan for Union • pp. 38-41 AMSCO Exam Prep book • Read the three provided documents and answer the “Analyzing The Documents” Questions 1-3 • For #3 instead of writing an essay: • Write a thesis statement agreeing or disagreeing with the statement provided • Identify at least one reason from each of the 3 documents that support your thesis. back