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Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure. Onno W. Purbo Onno@indo.net.id Independent IT Writer. References. http://sandbox.bellanet.org/~onno/ http://www.apjii.or.id/onno/ Mailing List wifi4d@dgroups.org. Important Key Factor. Human Community Society NOT Technology NOT $$$.
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Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure Onno W. Purbo Onno@indo.net.id Independent IT Writer
References • http://sandbox.bellanet.org/~onno/ • http://www.apjii.or.id/onno/ Mailing List • wifi4d@dgroups.org
Important Key Factor • Human • Community • Society • NOT Technology • NOT $$$
Overview • Commercial ISP Development • Historical View & Tech. Aspects • Internet Community Development • Major Achievements • No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB • Bottom-up Community based Sustainable development
Key Strategies • Human factor is the most important KEY. • Provide Free Education to the Society • Copyleft & Copywrong movement • http://www.bogor.net/idkf/ • http://pandu.dhs.org/ • Free? How about the reward? • God provides reward in unimaginable ways.
Involving Many Volunteers .. • Michael Sunggiardi (Bogor) • I Made Wiryana (Germany) • Umar Tjokroaminoto (Medan) • Adi Nugroho (Makassar) • Irwin Day (Makassar) • Ismail Fahmi (Bandung) • Etc …
Basic strategy in short .. • “Either lead or follow but please don’t block the road for those who would move forward …” Phil Karn at Qualcomm, one of the Wireless Internet guru.
Commercial ISPs • APJII = Indonesian ISP Association • http://www.apjii.or.id • IndoNet • the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.
APJII Membership • 150+ Principal License Holder • 80 Member APJII • 40+ active in providing services • 100+ cities, all provinces • Common Facilities • APJII IIX • APJII IDNIC • Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)
Indonesia Internet Exchange GLOBAL INTERNET ISP ISP APJII – IIX (GCC TELKOM)
Some grassroots movements • Internet Café • High Speed Wireless Internet (11-54Mbps)
Indonesian Internet Cafes • 2000+ Internet Cafes • Mostly self-finance • Hangout at asosiasi-warnet@yahoogroups.com • Fight for expanding own network & concept towards community based network.
Indonesian Internet Café • Access Cost for Public Users • Rp. 5000 / hour. • Access Cost for Students at Schools • Rp. 5000 / month • Return of Investment • 1-2 Years (no WB, no IMF, no ADB, no GoI funding) • Internet Café is an affordable solution for Indonesian to access the Internet. It may enable 20+ million Indonesian to Internet in next 4-5 years.
Indonesian Wireless Internet • Close to 1000 corporate users • Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps) wireless connection • 2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz) • Hangout indowli@yahoogroups.com • Fight for free frequency license
Historical View • Social (human) Aspects • Technological Aspects
Software & PC based • 286 & e-mail only • Freeware network operating system (NOS) • Downloadable from ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/
CA*net3 AI3 Indonesia: 1997 STARTAP WIDE TransPAC AI3 S-One / SingaREN APAN vBNS AI3 Indonesia IIX
Current Technology Push • Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps • Estimated cost US$150 / unit • “Unlicensed” band 2.4Ghz, 5-5.8GHz • Build own network, no Telco!
Success Factor • Community based development. • Human Resource Development • Culture! • Shifting mind set! • Self-financing. • Human is the key factor!
Access Behavior • Source: Adi Nugroho adi@internux.co.id • 50% Internet Café in Makassar, Sulawesi • 20-27 January 2002.
Access Behavior • Search engine & webmail are the the most accessed site. • News & online media are next. • Indonesian pornographic site is next in the row (not much). • 2.98% users normally mistype the URL. • Yahoo.com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.
Indonesian Internet Communities • http://www.yahoogroups.com • http://groups.yahoo.com • http://groups.plasa.com • Survey done at yahoogroups.com
Historical Perspective • ’90: Indonesians@jamus.berkeley.edu • ’96: Mailing-lists@itb.ac.id • ’99: Mailing-lists@yahoogroups.com
Evaluate yahoogroups.com • 45.000+ Indonesian mailing lists • Mostly <100 subscribers • Evaluate only >100 subscribers
Summary .. • Copyleft & copywrong movementdone by many volunteers (not the gov’t) really help in providing knowledge to the society & enable them to build their own infrastructure. • Wireless Internet & Internet café technologyis the key infrastructure. Most of the infrastructure are self-finance with no WB, IMF & ADB involvement. • Gov’t of Indonesiamost of the time claim our sucesses & ask for funding to donor agencies.