The Nervous System

The Nervous System Stimuli – any change in the internal or external environment of an organism that causes a response Response – a change in behavior

7th Grade Science Agenda • Focus: Why is the maintenance of the internal body systems important? • Learning Targets • Science: I can analyze the importance of the human body systems and how they work together to maintain homeostasis. • ELA/Common Core: I can deliver an effective oral presentation for to my peers. • TASKS: -Oral Presentations(take out your rubrics!) • -Analysis Questions • -Exit ticket

7th Grade Agenda (Review) • Focus: Why is the maintenance of the internal body systems important? • Learning Targets • Science: I can analyze the importance of the human body systems and how they work together to maintain homeostasis. • ELA/Common Core: I can deliver an effective oral presentation for to my peers. TASKS: • -Group Evaluations • -Oral Presentations(take out your rubrics!) • -Exit ticket

Neuron – a nerve cell • A specialized cell for receiving and transmitting electrical & chemical impulses Terminal branch

All neurons transmit impulses the same way: • 1. A chemical called a neurotransmitter is released from one neuron into the synaptic gap. • 2. The neurotransmitter crosses the synaptic gap and binds to the next neuron, firing the next neuron. Synaptic knob

Three types of neurons: • Sensory: transmit impulses from sense organs (receptor) to the brain & spinal cord • Sense organs: eyes, ears, nose, skin…. • Motor: transmit impulses from the brain & spinal cord to the muscle or gland (effector) • Interneurons: transmit impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons (make up brain & spinal cord) • They connect sensory neurons to motor neurons • Nerves – are bundles of neurons

Reflex Arc • Stimulus -> Receptor -> Sensory neuron -> Interneuron -> Motor neuron -> Effector -> Response (Receptor – SIM – Effector) Interneuron

Warm Up • Copy down the focus question and attempt to answer it in your science notebook. At the end of class, we will revisit our answers • Focus: Why is it important to maintain optimum nervous system function?

7th Grade Science Agenda • Focus: Why is it important to maintain optimum nervous system function? • Learning Targets: Science: I can analyze the impact of different disorders on the brain. • ELA: I can extract key ideas from various sources of scientific literature. • TASKS: • Mini Cases in Perception • Exit Ticket

Central Nervous System: • 1. Spinal Cord • A thick nerve protected by the vertebrae of the spinal column • Connects directly with the base of the brain • Function: carries impulses between the brain and other structures in the body • 2. Brain • Consists of mostly interneurons

Has 3 main parts: Spinal Cord

Cerebrum – interprets sensory impulses • Thinking, reasoning, memory occur • Cerebellum – coordinates voluntary movement • Medulla – controls involuntary activities • (breathing, heartbeat, digestion)

TASK • Your group will be assigned one of the patient cases from the following pages in the packet, which are based on actual medical cases reported in the literature. After reading your case, you are to work in your groups to answer the questions that follow the case write-up.

Peripheral Nervous System: • Has two subdivisions: • 1. Somatic nervous system • Nerves that control voluntary movement • 2. Autonomic– nerves that control involuntary action

Some Malfunctions of the Nervous System: • 1. Meningitis – inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain, usually caused by bacteria • 2. Cerebral palsy – a group of disorders resulting from damage to the motor centers of the brain of the fetus or child during or after birth • Signs include poor coordination, & speech difficulties • 3. Stroke – nerve damage in the brain caused by blockage of an artery or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain • 4. Polio – a disease of the spinal cord caused by a virus • It destroys the motor neurons in the spinal cord & causes paralysis of muscles controlled by those neurons

The Nervous System