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Principles of Urban Ecology

Principles of Urban Ecology. Steward T.A. Pickett Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. What’s a principle?. Components of Theory. Domain Assumptions Concepts Definitions Facts Confirmed generalizations Laws Models Translation modes Hypotheses Framework. Pickett et al. 2007.

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Principles of Urban Ecology

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  1. Principles of Urban Ecology Steward T.A. Pickett Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  2. What’s a principle?

  3. Components of Theory • Domain • Assumptions • Concepts • Definitions • Facts • Confirmed generalizations • Laws • Models • Translation modes • Hypotheses • Framework Pickett et al. 2007

  4. Senses of “urban” • Broad – inclusive • Narrow – specific

  5. Goal • Framework • Model building

  6. Themes • Components • Form • Change • Functioning

  7. Components of the system

  8. P1 • Cities are about people and ecosystems. • Human ecosystems

  9. The Ecosystem Concept Sir Arthur G. Tansley (1871-1955)

  10. P2 • Cities have multiple and changing forms.

  11. Burgess Model Central Business District Transitional zone: recent immigrants, deteriorating housing, factories, abandonment Working class zone: single family tenements Residential zone: single family homes with yards and garages Commuter zone: suburbs

  12. Antoni 2001

  13. P3 • Cities are mosaics extending into surroundings.

  14. Cadenasso

  15. Patch dynamics • Applies to cities • Hierarchical • Gradients and fields

  16. Pickett, Cadenasso

  17. Social processes

  18. P4 • Planned, opportunistic, incremental, incidental.

  19. Components of change • Urban design • Urban planning • Topography • Ecology • Social-cultural • Economic

  20. P5 • Urban designs as experiments. Felson, Pickett (2005)

  21. Jordan Cove, CT Control development Traditional BMP

  22. P6 • Social, economic, cultural processes influence biophysical processes.

  23. 1990 1970 Grove, Burch

  24. P7 • Social, cultural, economic complexity.

  25. Components of social complexity • Property regimes • Households and individuals • Social status • Economic status • Lifestyle grouping • Social identity • etc.

  26. Perceive low value of parks Perceive high value of parks Troy et al.

  27. Fine Scale Analysis IKONOS Image Vegetation Parcels PROW Vegetation Private Land Vegetation Grove, Troy, O’Neil-Dunne

  28. Biophysical functions

  29. P8 • Remnant soils, waters, vegetation.

  30. Nitrogen retention Groffman, Belt, Fisher

  31. P9 • Biodiversity multifaceted and present.

  32. Mocking bird Catbird Mourning dove Robin Grackle Pigeon Warren, Nilon, Wolf

  33. Methodological principles

  34. P10 • Study-specific definition of urban.

  35. P11 • Abstract urban gradients.

  36. HSF MSF CT MSP NY MLP MRG CEC SWP VCP LI PBP NYBG New York City McDonnell et al 1990

  37. P12 • Human perception as links.

  38. Pickett, Cadenasso (2008)

  39. Practical principles

  40. P13 • Flux of water, and water infrastructure.

  41. N. Law and L. Band

  42. Water principle • Sites of cities • Urban design • Future demands.

  43. P14 • Exotic species functions.

  44. G. Brush et al. in prep

  45. P15 • City form and shared needs • Role of elites • Non-stationary roles • Non-overlapping agency • Environmental injustice.

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