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Mitosis

Mitosis. How Somatic Cells Reproduce. What is mitosis?. The division of somatic (non-sex) cells 1 parent cell  2 daughter cells. Interphase. Normal cell function DNA encased in nuclear envelope Chromatin - unfolded, relaxed DNA. Prophase. Cell prepares to replicate and divide

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Mitosis

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  1. Mitosis How Somatic Cells Reproduce

  2. What is mitosis? • The division of somatic (non-sex) cells • 1 parent cell  2 daughter cells

  3. Interphase • Normal cell function • DNA encased in nuclear envelope • Chromatin- unfolded, relaxed DNA

  4. Prophase • Cell prepares to replicate and divide • Nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate • DNA condenses into chromosomes with two identical sister chromatids • Centrioles separate and spindle fibers appear

  5. Metaphase • Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell • Chromosomes line up down the middle • Spindle fibers extend and attach to the centromeres of chromosomes

  6. Anaphase • Spindle fibers shorten and pull daughter chromosomes back toward centrioles • Cell elongates and prepares for cleavage

  7. Telophase • Cell membrane cleaves, preparing to separate identical sets of daughter chromosomes into two separate cells • Spindle fibers retract • Nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes • DNA relaxes into chromatin • Cytokinesis occurs– cells split • Result: Two identical daughter cells are formed

  8. Animated Mitosis http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm • Mitosis Dance http://youtu.be/ZEwddr9ho-4

  9. Cancer: Cells Gone Wild • Cancer is unregulated and rapid cell growth and division • Causes: • Radiation:ultraviolet light, X- rays, and gamma radiation. • Chemical mutagens: natural and artificial types, such as nitrosoamine, nitrobenzene, thalidomide, tobacco smoke (contains dozens of known carcinogens). • Physical irritants: asbestos causes mesothelioma; ill-fitting dentures or constant skin abrasions of one type or another, may lead to cancers. • Viral agents: certain papilloma viruses cause cervical cancers; HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) relates to Kaposi's sarcoma; Epstein-Barr virus is associated with Burkett's lymphoma • Treatments • Chemotherapies • Topoisomerase inhibitors– interfere with the enzymes that open the DNA double helix to permit DNA replication. • Mitotic spindle inhibitors– block the synthesis, assembly-disassembly, of microtubules for the mitotic spindle. • DNA intercalators and alkylating agents - act directly on the nitrogen bases of DNA and interfere with RNA synthesis and DNA replication.

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