LEHD: Potential for Transportation Planning and Programming

1. LEHD: Potential for Transportation Planning and Programming Piyushimita Thakuriah (Vonu) University of Illinois at Chicago Joint Census Bureau and Brookings Institute Workshop on Local Employment Dynamics. In Brookings Institute, Washington, D.C. Feb. 1, 2007.

2. Introduction • Uses of employment data for transportation planning and programming • Types of data currently used – coverage and issues • Some examples of LEHD data applications in transportation • Challenges along the way • Future directions

3. Uses of Employment Data for Transportation Planning & Programming Highway Programming and Planning Regional Transportation Planning New Starts Analysis Site Analysis & Highway Network Improvements Site Analysis & Highway Network Improvements Employment Data Commercial Vehicle Flow Analysis Daytime Populations & Security Planning Transit Planning and Operations Job Accessibility Planning Environmental Justice Analysis

4. Types of Data Currently Used • Household travel surveys conducted by regional planning agencies or DOT’s • Census Journey-to-Work (JTW): Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) • American Community Survey (ACS) • PUMS • National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) – 9 “add-on” areas • Special-purpose surveys

5. Pros and Cons of Transportation Data

6. Longitudinal Employment Household Dynamics (LEHD) Concept • Voluntary partnership between Census Bureau and states • States supply quarterly worker and business wage records • Census Bureau links multiple sources of existing data • Create new data & products about local economy New Data and Products

7. www.census.gov Next to Business & Industry Click on Local Employment Dynamics Then click on QuickLinks to: On the Map, QWI Online, IndustryFocus Or click on Data Tools

8. Local Employment Dynamics’ Tools and Featureshttp://lehd.dsd.census.gov

9. Sources of Information behind LEHD • Disclosure avoidance system is required to protect the information about individuals and businesses that contribute to • Confidential unemployment insurance (UI) wage records • Confidential Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW, also known as ES-202) reports • Confidential information from Census Bureau demographic data that have been integrated with these sources.

10. Some Examples of LEHD Applications in Transportation • Job accessibility indices • Residential accessibility of transit indices • Employer accessibility by transit indices • Transit accessibility for commuting trips • Day-time populations for security planning • Job Access and Reverse Commute evaluation

11. Job Accessibility Indices

12. Location of Welfare Clients & Entry-Level Jobs in Chicago Metro Area

13. Job Accessibility Job location 30 minute travel time Centroid

14. Note: Do this graph with LEHD & CTPP travel time data Job Accessibility in Six County Chicago metro area

15. Measures slightly misleading because.. • Does not take into account • Capacity • Cost • Not job accessibility but Destination accessibility: • Destination accessibility is important explanation of labor market outcomes (examples): • Rogers (1997): increase in access leads to decrease in expected unemployment duration • Raphael (1998): differential accessibility explains 30 to 50 percent of differentials in employment rates among white and black youth.

16. Destination accessibility • Measure used here is a bit different but the idea is the same... • “Weighted” index of spatial competition for jobs and travel cost to jobs • How many entry-level jobs are within a “catchment area” of a travel time which is cost-effective (in terms of travel time) for a client to incur at a typical wage rate? • What is the level of “spatial competition”? • Computed using travel demand models/spatial interaction models

17. Destination accessibility in the six-county Chicago Metro areaFour quite distinct areasPolicies for enhancing economic opportunities may be quite different in the 4 areasUpdates of this type of analysis will potentially be possible on a continuous basis with LEHD data Zion 4 Evanston 3 CBD 2 1 University Park

18. Residential Accessibility of Transit Indices

19. Residential Accessibility of Transit Indices Locations of individuals 0.25 miles Rail Transit Station or Bus Stop

20. Job Accessibility by Private Vehicles in 6 county metro area – Combining LEHD (Jobs) and CTPP (Travel Time) Data

21. Employer Accessibility by Transit Indices

22. Employer Accessibility by Transit Indices Employer location 0.25 miles Rail Transit Station or Bus Stop

23. Commuting Trips that cane be served by Transit

24. Residential, Employer and Commuting Accessibility – LEHD Data

25. Continuously updated accounts of daytime populations for security planning

26. Daytime and Nighttime population estimates from LEHD data

27. Continuous Evaluation of Job Access and Reverse Commute Fixed Route and Demand-Responsive Services

28. CTA JARC Route Evaluation – LEHD Data

29. Challenges along the way…………..

30. LEHD vs CTPP LEHD > CTPP LEHD < CTPP??? No Pattern CBD OHare No pattern

31. LEHD vs CTPP Place of Residence LEHD higher than expected

32. Conclusions & Future Directions • LEHD has great potential as being a primary data source for variety applications in transportation including: • Planning • Programming • Performance measurement • Data linkage……