HOPE Week 13 day 1

1. HOPEWeek 13 day 1 New Unit: Diseases Bellringer: Take the “Health IQ” questionnaire on page 314 and write down your overall number. Then, start reading pages 316-328

2. First…. • 10-0!!! • GROSSSS

3. Infectious Diseases: What are they? • How do we come in contact with infectious organisms? YOU list the ways… • person-to-person, food, water, animals, anything in environment • What types of diseases are infectious? • Colds, flu, head lice, TB • What causes infectious diseases? • Pathogens (agent that causes disease)

4. Different types of pathogens (read pages 316-317) • Bacteria • Single-celled organisms • A lot of them are healthy (i.e. there’s 300 in your mouth right now) • They’re everywhere • TB, tetanus, sinus infections • Viruses • Tiny, disease-causing, particles of genetic material • Replicate inside of living cells (they’re not cells themselves) • Cold, flu, measles, AIDS, SARS • Remember, “there’s no cure for the common cold”

5. Other pathogens • Protists • Larger and more complex than bacteria. Malaria is the biggest example • Parasites • They feed off of other living things • Lice, tapeworm, roundworms

6. How are infectious diseases spread? • P2P • Food and Water • Environment • Animals • Figure 2 on page 319

7. Treating infectious diseases • Bacteria: antibiotics • Viruses: we don’t really know • Fungal: depends • Protistan: prevention, hygiene, sanitation • Parasites: not sharing clothes, hair brushes; treated with medicated shampoos

8. How does your body fight disease? • Physical Barriers: • Skin (keeps from entering and kills chemicals) • mucous membranes (lines your mouth, nose, throat, digestive tract, traps pathogens) • chemicals (acids)

9. Fighting disease • Inflammation: body bringing more blood to the area. Swelling, redness, and pus means your body is fighting the pathogen

10. Fighting disease: immune system • Lymph system: body “scoops up” potentially dangerous pathogens and takes them to lymph nodes, where they are “scanned and destroyed” • Hence swollen lymph nodes when you’re sick • White blood cells also fight pathogens

11. Fighting disease: vaccinations • Introducing a small amount of the pathogen to the body so it can fight it off. Now, your body is trained and can always fight off this disease • What are some vaccinations you can take?

12. Staying healthy: • Be clean • Don’t share personal items • Cover your mouth • Wash your hands • Be smart when outdoors

13. Sections 1 and 2 review questions • Pg 321, #s 1, 2, 4, 8 • Pg 328, #s 1, 2, 3, 4

14. HOPE Week 13 Day 2 • Start reading chap 13 sec 3 (329-334) • If you finish that, go back and skim over the first two sections of chapter 13 • If you finish that, look at the review questions for the chapter

15. Common Bacterial Diseases (330-331) • Symptoms: severe muscle spasms • Transmission: through cuts/wounds • Prevention: vaccinations and boosters • Treatment: antibiotics • TETANUS

16. Common Bacterial Diseases (330-331) • Symptoms: Sore throat, fever, spotted tonsils • Transmission: mucus from an infected person • Prevention: avoided physical contact • Treatment: Antibiotics • STREP THROAT

17. Common Bacterial Diseases (330-331) • Symptoms: headache, fever, sensitivity to light, nausea, stiff neck • Transmission: contact with saliva of infected person • Prevention: vaccination; avoiding contact • Treatment: Antibiotics (if caught early) • MENINGITIS

18. Common Bacterial Diseases (330-331) • Symptoms: headache, tenderness of sinuses, thick green mucus, feel pressure in head • Transmission: mucus/saliva • Prevention: avoid infected person and allergens (smoke, air pollutants) • Treatment: antibiotics • SINUS INFECTION

19. Common Viral Diseases • Page 332

20. Common Fungal Infections • Athletes foot • Jock Itch • Ringworm (not an actual worm; itchy rash) • How transmitted? When skin is warm and moist • How prevented? Keep clothes clean and dry and practice good hygiene

21. Common Protistan Infections • Most often found in water and soil • Amebic dysentery (inflammed intestine) • Malaria • 1 million people die from it each year • Mosquitos • Fever, chills, headache, fatique, nausea

22. Common Parasitic Infections • Hookworms, flukes, pinworms, tapeworms • Lice, leeches, ticks, fleas • Spread by eating infected food, drinking infected water, having contact with infected soil, or being bitten by infected insects

23. Activity!

29. Chapter Review Questions (336) 1b, 1c, 1d, 1f, 3, 4, 6, 10, 14, 16, 17, Section Review (334): 7, 9

30. HOPE Week 13 Day 3 • Chapter 14: Lifestyle diseases • Bellringer: read pages 344-345

31. Section 1: It’s a review (page 340) • What is a lifestyle disease? • Disease caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors • #1 category of deaths for Americans

32. Lifestyle diseases (review) • How do we determine if you are at risk of contracting a lifestyle disease? • By assessing risk factors • What are some controllable risk factors? • What are some uncontrollable risk factors? • -Read this subsection as a class (341-342)

33. Which lifestyle disease is most deadly? • Cardiovascular diseases • Heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure • Most people who die from CVD are over 40. Why worry about it now? • Because your behaviors now affect the future health of your heart

34. How do you develop CVD? • 1) Genetics • 2) Tobacco use (limits lung and heart function) • 3) Being overweight (makes heart work harder) • 4) Dietary choices that lead to high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol (meaning lots of fat, salt, and sugar)

35. What IS CVD? • When a blood vessel is blocked and/or damaged. • Blood vessel walls can burst or break away • Plaque can build up when your body tries to repair blood vessels, leading to blockages. This plaque can also break off and become a blockage itself

36. Types of CVD: STROKE • Happens in your brain when a blood vessel bursts OR a clot lodges in an artery (cutting off oxygen) OR a blood vessel leaks blood into brain tissue (internal bleeding). • A clot can move all the way from your heart to your brain before a blockage occurs. • Stroke video 1 • Stroke Video 2

37. High blood pressure • What does blood pressure measure? The force of blood against the inside walls of a blood vessel. • High blood pressure can damage the walls of arteries, which can lead to other problems (stroke, heart attack) • Good numbers: 120/80

38. Heart Attack • Sudden loss of blood flow to the heart muscle. • 1 in 3 are fatal. • Can come with no prior warning signs. • Heart attack video

39. Atherosclerosis • Imagine an old pipe, clogged with buildup. This is atherosclerosis when it happens in your heart. • It’s a buildup of fatty materials inside of your arteries. It can either stop blood flow or break off and become a clot. • can lead to heart attack or stroke

40. How do we detect heart disease? • Blood pressure • EKG • Ultrasound • Angiography

41. How do we treat heart disease? • Diet and exercise • Low fat, low salt, low cholesterol • Medicine • Can help stop blood vessel constriction • Surgery • Coronary Bypass (so cool!) • Angioplasty • Even cooler • Pacemakers • Electrical Impulses • Transplants • Just straight up replacing the heart

42. Preventing cardiovascular disease • You tell me…(page 348)

43. Hope 13 Week 4 • Two more lifestyle diseases: diabetes and cancer • Group presentations • Group A: 349-350 • Group B: 351-352 (stop at “treating cancer”) • Group C: 352-354 (start at “treating cancer”) • Group D: 355-357 (stop at “detecting/treating”) • Group E: 357-358 (start at “detecting/treating”)