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Perspective of Tall Building

Perspective of Tall Building. Perspective of Tall Building Historical Background of Tall Building History of Tall Building World’s tallest Buildings Future Tall Buildings Structural System for Tall Building High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementatious Composites (HPFRCCs).

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Perspective of Tall Building

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  1. Perspective of Tall Building

  2. Perspective of Tall Building • Historical Background of Tall Building • History of Tall Building • World’s tallest Buildings • Future Tall Buildings • Structural System for Tall Building • High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementatious • Composites (HPFRCCs)

  3. 1. Historical Background of Tall Building • Definition • Structure with aspect ratio more than 5 Domestic; Middle-rise (< 40story) High-rise ( 40story) • Ancient Tall Structures • Example; Barbel tower, Pyramid • Material; brick, stone Protective for nature Symbolic Religious (H/B  5) B (a) Definition (b) Ancient tall structures • Highest stone structure • Year: BC 3,100 • Country: Egypt • Height: 146.7m • Material; Stone, timber • Huge masonry blocks • Equivalent to a modern 40-story office building • Ziggurat • Year: BC 1,800 • Height: 90m • Material: Brick • Equivalent to a modern 7-story office building • “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with tower that reaches to the heavens.” (c) Barbel Tower (d) Pyramid

  4. 2. History of Tall Building • 1880-1900 (Chicago) • Chicago school with the ideas of modernization. • Less than 20-story • Decorative effects. • 1885; William LeBaron Jenny (the creator of the modern skyscraper) Structural steel 17-story, 64m 15-story, 61m 12-story, 58m 16story, 57m 10-story, 55m (1891) (1896) (1894) (1885) (1891) (a) Home Life Insurance Building (b) Great Northern Hotel (c) Monadnock (d) Reliance Building (e) Carson Dept. Store

  5. 2. History of Tall Building • 1900-1940 (New York) • Industrial development & high density of population after World War I (1914-1918) • Sudden increase (without considering natural environment) • About 50 to 100-story • Curtain wall, Elevator 102-story, 381m 77-story, 300m 70-story, 259m 60-story, 242m 50-story, 206m (1913) (1931) (1933) (1909) (1930) (a) Metropolitan Insurance Tower (b) Woolworth Building (c) Chrysler Building (d) Empire State Building (e) RCA Center

  6. 2. History of Tall Building • 1940-1960 • Financial market collapse during the economic depression (1929-1932) • World War II (1939-1945) • About 20 to 40-story • Prismatic (in rectangular shape) • Facing; aluminum curtain wall glass 39-story, 166m 40-story, 160m 42-story, 156m 38-story, 137m 22-story, 92m (1952) (1952) (1952) (1952) (1958) (a) Broadway Building (b) Secretariat Tower (c) Lever House (d) Avenue Building  (e) Seagram Building

  7. 2. History of Tall Building • 1960-1980 (USA) • Development of advanced materials, construction techniques & new structural system (tubular & braced system) • Ultra tall building (over 100-story) • Multipurpose 110-story, 443m 110-story, 417m 80-story, 346m 100-story, 344m 59-story, 279m 48-story, 260m (1977) (1972) (1973) (1972) (1974) (1969) (a) John Hancock Center (b) Transamerica Pyramid (c) World Trade Center (d) Amoco Building (e) Sears Tower (f) Citicorp Center

  8. 2. History of Tall Building • 1980-Present (World) • Diverse shapes of ultra tall buildings • Exact structural analysis, further development of construction techniques & advanced composite materials 101-story, 508m 88-story, 452m 88-story, 421m 88-story, 420m 70-story, 369m 60-story, 321m 70-story, 296m (1999) (1993) (1998) (1998) (2003) (2004) (1989) (a) Bank of China (b) Landmark Tower (c) Jin Mao Building (d) Petronas Tower (e) Burj al arab (f) Finance Center (g) TFC 101

  9. 2. History of Tall Building • 1960-1970 (Seoul) • Frame-shear wall system, tube-core system • 1970-1980 • Frame-shear wall + tube system, wall system with tunnel form • 1980-Present • Intelligent building, seismic design 69-story, 267m 69-story, 256m 63-story, 249m 37-story, 106m 33-story, 102m 25-story, 81m 12-story, 54m (1978) (1985) (2004) (1965) (1984) (2003) (1986) (a) Commercial Bank (b) Lotte Hotel (c) Life Insurance (d) LG Twin Tower (e) 63Building (f) Hyperion 21(g) Tower Palace

  10. 250 New paradigm for residence 215 200 150 Number of Buildings (more than 31 stories). 108 100 (2004) 50 105-story, 300m 69-story, 256m 20 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year (2008) (2003) 2. History of Tall Building • Recent Trends 69-story, 267m Tower Palace Sejong Apart Hyperion 21 Yukyung Hotel (a) Low-rise or medium apartment buildings (b) High-rise residential complex

  11. 3. World’s Tallest Buildings • Current State of 20th Tallest Buildings

  12. 4. Future Tall Buildings

  13. 4. Future Tall Buildings • World • New types of vertical cities offering intensive functions and harmony with the natural environment (prevent the expansion of city & provide better life for many people) 800-story, 4000m 300-story, 1128m 196-story, 1000m 180-story, 840m 200-story, 800m 155-story, 658m 126-story, 640m (a) X-Seed4000 (b) Bionic Tower (c) Sky City1000 (d) Millennium Tower (e) DIB200 (f) Co-Existence (g) Russia Tower

  14. 4. Future Tall Buildings • Korea • medium or big-sized vertical cities including housing, commerce, education, & recreation (a fusion of architecture, transportation, communication, & energy) 150-story, 620m 151-story, 610m 112-story, 555m 107-story, 510m 110-story, 500m (a) Landmark Tower (b) Songdo Landmark Tower (c) Seoul Lotte World I(d) Busan Lotte World II (c) World Business Center

  15. 4. Future Tall Buildings • Design Plan

  16. TFC 101 Burj DUBAI Songdo Landmark Tower Seoul Lotte World 4. World’s Tallest Buildings

  17. 4. Future Tall Buildings • Future Ultra Tall Buildings

  18. 5. Structural System for Tall Building

  19. 5. Structural System for Tall Building • Tubular System Characteristics a. A structural system that prompts the building to behave as an hollow tube b. Many closely spaced columns–in some ways analogous to a load bearing wall. c. Tubular systems are so efficient that in most cases the amount of structural material used is comparable to that used in conventionally framed buildings half the size. (a) Single Tube (b) Bundled Tube • Design: SOM • Year: 1972 • Location: New York (Collapsed) • Story: 110 • Height: 415m • Area: 409,200m2 • Structural system: Sing tube system • Design: Cesar Pelli • Year: 1996 • City: Kuala Lumpur • Story: 88 • Height: 452m • Area: 131,456m2 • Structural system: Tube-outrigger system • Design: SOM • Year: 1974 • Location: Chicago • Story: 110 • Height: 442m • Area: 409,200m2 • Structural system: Bundle tube system (c) World Trade Center (USA) (d) Petronas Tower (Malaysia) (e) Sears Tower (USA)

  20. Outrigger & Belt Truss Core wall Steel Frame Foundation Outrigger & Belt Truss Core wall Steel Frame 5. Structural System for Tall Building • Braced & Out-Rigger Belt Truss System Characteristics a. This has become recognized as an efficient lateral load resisting system. b. The braces of this system play an important role in ultra steel tall building because couplings action reduce the bending moment and deflection efficiently. (a) Steel link beam in the braced system (b) Out-rigger Belt Truss system • Design: SOM • Year: 2004 • City: Seoul • Story: 69 • Height: 267m • Area: 100,497m2 • Structural system: Out-rigger belt truss system • Design: I.M Pei • Year: 1989 • City: Hong Kong • Story: 70 • Height: 369m • Area: 130,000m2 • Structural system: Braced system • Design: SOM • Year: Completed in 2009 • Location: Dubai • Story: 165 • Height: 808m (expected) • Area: 495,000m2 • Structural system: Out-rigger system (c) Bank of China (China) (d) Tower Palace (Korea) (e) Burj Dubai (United Arab Emirates)

  21. 5. Structural System for Tall Building • Braced & Out-Rigger Belt Truss System (f) Marina bay sands

  22. Products • DU-Mortar (Ductile mortar) Concrete Protection, DU-Mortar and AMS-PVA Fiber Pack AMS has pioneered the development of HPFRCCs in the repair and protection of concrete and now offers a total repair package of products. Protective and decorative anti-carbonation, chemical resistant and anti-graffiti coatings for both new and existing structures.

  23. 6. HPFRCCs

  24. Thank you !

  25. 5. Structural System for Tall Building

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