Shaping American Nationalism: Key Figures and Events

1. Chapter 12p.240- 255 Directions: Evaluate how the following people / events / issues played a vital role in shaping American “NATIONALISM” - Apply the following to your group’s poster: Place a number by each category below (*1-6) to make it easier on everyone else. YOUR GROUP ONLY HAS TO DO ONE OF THE TOPICS BELOW *TITLE • VISUAL (1 to represent your topic) • Who (All Characters / Groups Involved) • What (General Structure) • Where (Location and Regional/Cultural Opinion) • Why (Goals) • Effect on Nationalism Event (1) National Literature *240 (2) Henry Clay’s American System *240-241 (a) Protective Tariff of 1816 (b) Internal Improvements (examples) (c) National Bank of the U.S. (3) The So-Called Era of Good Feelings *242 (4) Panic of 1819 and Ohio Fever*243 -246 (5) Slavery and Sectional Balance AND Missouri Compromise *246-248 (6) John Marshall (McCulloch V . Maryland / Gibbons V. Ogden( only) *248-249 (7) Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida *250-252 (8) Monroe Doctrine *p. 252-254 *Your poster will be placed on the lockers outside. You will individually walk around (museum style) to view the material. Each student will be requested to simply fill out a chart that clarifies the importance of America’s attempt to balance sectionalism and nationalism during the Era of good Feelings **THE CHART WILL PROVIDED TO YOU

5. Chapter 12: End of War of 1812 andNationalism Emerges

6. American Literature and Art Why significant: American authors writing “fiction” stories of American issues for American people. Washington Irving (____________________________) James Fennimore Cooper (____________________________) Before War of 1812: ___________________: ______________(___________)/ ________________________ (Ben Franklin) ________________________________Art School: _____________________________________ Father of the Hudson R.A.S: ___________________(1801-1848) “If man became familiar with nature, they will become closer to God” ________________________________

7. ____________________ • ____________ political thinker • Most significant work: ___________________ Early efforts of ______________________that analyzed the rising living standards and social conditions of individuals and their relationship to the market and state in _________________ Outcome: created a desire for falling aristocratic order and merging into _________________

8. American Economies • ____________________________________= failure • Positive: forced America to think of a domestic agenda Issue: North will develop differently than the South North: industrialized (_____________________– replace hand tools with machines) South: Agriculture / slavery – tobacco is overshadowed ______________________ Eli Whitney • 2 inventions: (1)__________________and (2) ____________________ Cotton Gin: dramatically increased cotton efficiency Effect: __________________________________________________

9. _________________________ • England began to flood America with cheap goods. • America responds with passing a higher protective tariff known as • Madison’s Tariff of 1816 (20-25% increase on imported goods) • *Over time, this tariff is increased to wild amounts and is seen as a divisive issue to help spark the Civil War in the 1860s. • America’s benefit: ___________________________________________ • 2 separate economies acted as a disruptive issue for American unity

10. Henry ______ ______________ • Henry Clay: ________________________ • Nickname: _________________________________ • Purpose of American System: ___________________________ _____________________________________________ 3 parts (P.I.N.) • P = _____________________ • I = ______________________ • N = _____________________

11. 3 Parts of the American System • (p) Protective Tariff / ________________________: _______________________ ___________________________________(don’t want to pay American tax) Problem: South depends too much on foreign ______________________________ (later renamed the __________________________________________________) Southern Reaction: North is still benefiting, ________________________________ (2) (i) _______________________________(canals and roads) Examples: ______________________________________ American negative issue during the War of 1812 - __________________________________________________ Southern Reaction to Internal Improvements: Hated it! – _________________________________________(Why should the south pay a tax to benefit the north?) (3) (n) ___________________(resurrection) Downsized by Jefferson years earlier 2nd Bank of the United States (Positive benefit: _______________________) Later killed off by Andrew Jackson

12. The So-Called Era of Good Feelings • __________________________ Characteristics: • ______________________(Republican) – Federalist Party was killed off at the ________________= hence no political strife / no ______________________ (2) ____________________________ *Note: Era of Good Feeling ends with the Corrupt Bargain of 1824 New president: _______________________(1816-1824) Problematic issues: ______________________________

13. Problematic times of Era of Good Feelings • ______________________________ (2) _______________________(FIRST MAJOR FINANCIAL CRISIS IN AMERICAN HISTORY) Land Act of 1820: purchase 80 acres of land for $1.25 an acre. Insolvent _________________________ Wildcat Bank: Western Bank that gave EASY credit *The Western Debtor was hit the hardest – called the National Bank the ____________________________________ Cause: “__________________________” (_______________________) – causes every panic or depression through the 1930s The results of the panic were: bankruptcies, companies going out of business, unemployment, people losing their farms, and deflation (drop in prices).

14. Slavery and Sectional Balance / ________________________ • 1819 – ______________wanted to become a “slave state” • 1818: Sectional balance between free and slave states, and Missouri’s desire would tip the scale to a __________________ • _________________ – 11th free state • Southerners reaction – Missouri will become the next SLAVE state • ______________________ = 11th slave state • MISSOURI IS SKIPPED

15. House Reaction In the House, the __________________was put forth to limit slavery in Missouri. It proposed that • _______________________________________ • that slaves born to Missouri slave parents would gradually be ___________________________. Senate shoots this option down MAIN ARGUMENT in the Missouri Compromise: ____________________________!!!!! _________________ – trying to liberate slavery _________________ – trying to extend it

16. Missouri Compromise of 1820 • _______________issues the compromise that • _____________________________________ • _____________would be admitted as a free state. (balance) • Regarding future slave land, an east-west line was drawn at ___________. All new states north of the 36°30’ line would be free, new states southward would be slave (with the exception of ____________)

18. ____________________________ John Marshall – Legacy: _____________________________________ McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)—The “_______________________" Details: Maryland tried to tax the _____________________ Chief Justice Marshall used Hamilton's “_____________________" and declared the ________________________. “The power to tax is the power to destroy” - John Marshall

19. Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)—The “_____________________" Details: Robert Fulton had invented the ______________and hired Gibbons to pilot the boat along the ____________________. New York had awarded them monopoly rights to do so. ____________infringed on the monopoly and ran his own boat, was prosecuted and convicted. Importance: The Supreme Court said New York was wrong to award a monopoly because the Constitution says that only Congress can regulate interstate commerce, not the states. Outcome: __________________________________and the federal Government is getting stronger

20. _________________________________________________ Secretary of State: Foreign issues and policy ______________________– established the border between British Canada and America (Border line is 49 degrees from Minnesota to Rocky Mountains – still today) ____________________ : for now – “________________________” between the _________________ Future president: James K. Polk will fight for this in his 1844 campaign with his 54 40 or fight platform Spanish territory….Runaway slaves and unpredictable Indians Florida = _________________________ American Congress allowed ______________________(hero of Battle in Alabama and New Orleans) to trek into Florida to capture slaves and to punish the Indians John Quincy Adams issued the _____________________________________________________________(1819) America paid ___________________________________________________________ America: _____________________________________ Spain: gives up claims in _____________________________________ Border: Southern border was set at _______________________________ Why did Spain sell this territory??????? - Democratic uprisings in ______________________(Argentina- 1816/Venezuela -1817/Chile – 1818) - Pulling troops down there from Florida

22. Democracy of Monarchy • Napoleonic Wars in Europe brought up a question of “___________________?” • Democracy = ______________ • Monarchy = ________________ Steps were taken in Europe for the monarch and aristocrats to re-assert their control. American reaction: worried! __________________(British foreign minister) tells an American foreign minister in London that they should work together to _________________________________! This upset America….so

23. _______________________ ______________________________________ A statement of • ______________________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ First target: _________________________ (Tsar backs down and we establish the _____________________________) In other words, it told Europe that the days of colonization in the Americas are over. And, Europe should stay out of American affairs (North, Latin, or South America). It was a “______________________" sign. European powers want to “reclaim” their previous territories in America!! Colonization and “reclaims” are seen as a “threat” or “act of aggression” toward President Monroe and to the Americas. Monroe HAS to do something! Monroe issues the Monroe Doctrine POSITIVE EFFECT: _______________________________________ NEGATIVE EFFECT: ________________________________________