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Memory

Memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin , (1968) classic model of memory. Baddeley , (1992) ‘modern’ model of memory. Ebbinhaus ’ retention curve. GOV, NUV, LOM, KEL. Serial Position Effect. Primacy Effect Recency Effect Next-in-line Effect. Encoding. Mnemonics. Peg word Method of loci

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Memory

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  1. Memory

  2. Atkinson and Shiffrin, (1968) classic model of memory

  3. Baddeley, (1992) ‘modern’ model of memory

  4. Ebbinhaus’ retention curve GOV, NUV, LOM, KEL

  5. Serial Position Effect Primacy Effect Recency Effect Next-in-line Effect

  6. Encoding

  7. Mnemonics • Peg word • Method of loci • Chunking • 1776, 1812, 1861, 1898, 1917, 1941, 1950, 1963, 1991

  8. Storage: Sensory Memory

  9. Short-Term/Working Memory • On the next slides you will see a series of numbers. I will also say the numbers out loud. After I say the last number, the numbers will disappear. • Silently, write the numbers, in the exact order, on your paper.

  10. 2831

  11. 74139

  12. 497215

  13. 5183926

  14. 16953472

  15. 362514798

  16. 6154983287

  17. 89316427513

  18. STM – The Magic #7 +/- 2 • Short-Term Memory – memory that holds onto about seven sensory inputs for about twenty seconds • An experiment in STM: • Look at each of the following words – one at a time – for ONLY two seconds. Silently repeat the word as I say it out loud. • When we have gone through all 15 words, then try to reproduce the words, in the correct order, on the piece of paper.

  19. Peach

  20. Book

  21. Sword

  22. Car

  23. Enemy

  24. Mirror

  25. Shoe

  26. Thermometer

  27. Clock

  28. Brick

  29. Bed

  30. Salt

  31. Flower

  32. Calendar

  33. Airplane

  34. Reproduce the list of words in the correct order • Peach • Book • Sword • Car • Enemy • Mirror • Shoe • Thermometer • Clock • Brick • Bed • Salt • Flower • Calendar • Airplane

  35. Long-Term Memory

  36. A Quick Exercise in LTM Answer the following questions about everyday things that should be in your LTM • Whose portrait is on the ten dollar bill? • What two letters do not appear on a standard land phone? • What is the color of the top stripe of the American flag? • The bottom stripe? • How many red and how many white stripes does the flag have?

  37. Retrieval • Recall vs. Recognition, Part 1 • Write down the number of any word that you believe is misspelled. • Acomplishment • Acheivement • Consolidate • Consistant • Reccommend • Maintainance Write out the word with the correct spelling.

  38. Recall vs. Recognition, Part 1I • Accomplishment • Achievement • Consolidate • Consistent • Recommend • Maintenance

  39. More recall vs. recognition • On the sheet of paper, write down as many of the names of the seven dwarfs from the Disney version of Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs.

  40. Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs SniffyZiggy Happy Skippy Dopey Stumbly Doc Giggly Scooby Grumpy Stubby Goofy Bashful Scrappy Sleepy Snoozy Bossy Sneezy Wheezy Giggles

  41. Watch and listen carefully . . . G X C O T R L M B W Q

  42. Silently, begin counting backwards by threes from 100 until I tell you to stop.100 . . . 97 . . . 94 . . . • G X C O T R L M B W Q

  43. Proactive or Retroactive Interference? • Proactive – (forward-acting) the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information • Retroactive – (backward-acting) the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

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