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The Moon

The Moon. A look at our nearest neighbor in Space!. Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com. What is the Moon?. A natural satellite One of more than 120 + moons in our Solar System ! The only moon of the planet Earth. Location, location, location!.

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The Moon

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  1. The Moon A look at our nearest neighbor in Space! Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com

  2. What is the Moon? • A natural satellite • One of more than 120 + moons in our Solar System ! • The only moon of the planet Earth

  3. Location, location, location! • About 384,000 km (240,000 miles) from Earth • 3,468 km (2,155 miles) in diameter (about ¼ the size of Earth)

  4. Birth of the Moon • “Born” 4-5 billion years ago • Formed from impact of Mars-sized “planetessimal” on Earth • Debris from both objects melted together to form the Moon • Bombardment with meteorites

  5. Cut to the Core • 3 major divisions of the Lunar interior • Crust - average thickness of about 70 kilometers • Mantle • Core - radius is between 300 and 425 kilometers

  6. The Moon’s Surface • No atmosphere • No liquid water • Extreme temperatures • Daytime = 134C (265°F) • Nighttime = -170C (-310 F)

  7. Lunar Features - Highlands • Mountains up to 7500 m (25,000 ft) tall (Apennine & Leibnitz Mt.) • Rilles (trenchlike valleys) possibly leftover lava channels

  8. Lunar Features - Craters • Up to 2500 km (1,553 miles) across • Most formed by meteorite impact on the Moon • Some formed by volcanic action inside the Moon

  9. Lunar Features - Maria • Originally thought to be “seas” by early astronomers • Darkest parts of lunar landscape • Filled by lava after crash of huge meteorites on lunar surface 3-4 billion years ago • Mostly basalt rock

  10. Craters Can you see the rays? Maria Does this photo show us a limb or terminator line?

  11. Regolith • Numerous meteorite impacts have left layer of dust and rock fragments • Depth varies from 1-6 m • Highly reflective

  12. Far Side of the Moon • First seen by Luna 3 Russian space probe in 1959 • Surface features different from near side • More craters • Very few maria • Thicker crust

  13. The Moon has less mass than Earth: • Therefore it has less gravity- 1/6th of the Earth’s • Divide your weight by 6 to get your Lunar Mass!

  14. Movements of the Moon • Revolution – Moon orbits the Earth every 271/3 days • The moon rises in the east and sets in the west • The moon rises and sets 50 minutes later each day • Rotation – Moon turns on its axis every 27 days • Same side of Moon always faces Earth

  15. It’s Just a Phase • Moonlight is reflected sunlight • Half the moon’s surface is always reflecting light • From Earth we see different amounts of the Moon’s lit surface • The amount seen is called a “phase”

  16. Waxing and Waning • New moon • Waxing Crescent moon • First Quarter moon • Waxing Gibbous moon • Full moon • Waning Gibbous moon • Third Quarter moon • Waning Crescent moon • New moon

  17. FOUR MAIN SHAPES FULL CRESCENT Four Basic Shapes GIBBOUS QUARTER

  18. Earth Plane of earth’s orbit Moon Plane of lunar orbit Moon

  19. Lunar Eclipses • Moon moves into Earth’s shadow – this shadow darkens the Moon • Umbra • Penumbra • About 2-3 per year • Last up to 4 hours • Everyone on night time side of Earth can observe it

  20. Solar Eclipses • Moon moves between Earth and Sun • Moon casts a shadow on part of the Earth • Total eclipses rare – only once every 360 years from one location!

  21. The Tides • Tides caused by pull of Moon’s gravity on Earth • High tide – • Side facing Moon and side away from Moon • Every 12 hours, 25 ½ minutes • Low tide – • On sides of Earth

  22. SPRING TIDE • Higher than normal high tide • Lower than normal low tide • Greatest tidal range • Twice a month ( not just in spring!) • Occurs at times of SYZYGY (New & Full)

  23. NEAP TIDE • Lower than normal high tide • Higher than normal low tide • Least tidal range • Occurs at quarter (half) moon phases • Twice a month

  24. Exploring the Moon • 1950s to 1960s - probes • Neil Armstrong First man on the Moon – July 20, 1969 • Six Apollo missions (1969-1972) • 382 kg (842 lbs) rocks • 12 Americans have walked on the moon

  25. When will we return?

  26. Moon base of the future? • What would you need to live there?

  27. The Lunar Challenge!

  28. Name this phase! Full Moon What time does this phase rise and set?

  29. Name these features. Craters Maria Name these features.

  30. Does this image show us the near side or far side of the moon? Far Side How can you tell?

  31. Is this line the limb or terminator? Limb Terminator Is this line the limb or terminator?

  32. Name this phase! First Quarter

  33. Name this phase! Waxing Crescent

  34. Does this image show the near side or the far side of the moon? Near Side

  35. Name this phase! Waning Gibbous

  36. Name this phase! Third Quarter

  37. From what direction does the moon rise? The East

  38. Name this phase! Waxing Gibbous

  39. Name this phase! Waning Crescent

  40. What might be happening in this image? Lunar Eclipse

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