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靈芝子實體纖維之幾丁質及幾丁聚醣之製備 • 靈芝為傳統常用之中藥，為真菌類重要成員，其形體可分為菌柄及子實體兩部分，靈芝子實體的成份除了高分子多醣體、三?類、腺?和小分子蛋白外，其餘大部分的纖維均為幾丁質，因此非常適合作為生產幾丁質及其衍生物之原料來源。目前工業上之幾丁質等衍生物來源，主要由蝦、蟹殼經酸鹼溶液多項步驟反應所製得，由於蝦蟹殼來源分佈廣泛，且因種類、大小、區域等差異，使得幾丁質等衍生物之物化性質不盡相同。 本研究分別先將子實體殘渣經超微粒研磨機處理微小化後，再針對靈芝子實體纖維之衍生物：靈芝幾丁質、靈芝幾丁聚醣進行萃取，並在不同條件下，以H2O2為變因進行脫色處理來決定製程之標準化。進而利用膠體滴定法、IR、NMR測得其靈芝幾丁質、幾丁聚醣之去乙醯值及結構分析，再以IV測其分子量;在型態學上則以SEM觀察其巨觀之狀態。而針對靈芝幾丁聚醣部分，則再進行A.A.抗菌性試驗。 本研究之目的在於期望能藉由此製程進而提升靈芝的用途至幾丁質、幾丁聚醣等具開發性潛力之成份，並提供其更加安全、穩定的來源及附加價值高的商業性利用。
Preparation of Sacchachitin and Sacchachitosan from the Residue of Ganoderma Fruiting Bodies • As an important member of fungi, Ganoderma has two main parts: the stems and the fruiting bodies. Besides polysaccharide, triterpene, nucleoside, and protein, the main component of the Ganoderma fruiting bodies is chitin, hence an excellent sources for chitin and its derivatives. Presently, through multiple and complicated steps of alkali and acid reactions, chitin and its derivatives were produced with crustacean shells as major sources. As crustacean shells may have many variables, such as variety, size, and region, the physic-chemical properties of chitin and its derivatives obtained from these sources might be different. To the contrary, Ganoderma can be farmed and harvested in controlled environments as a much more reliable biomaterial sources. Optimized preparation procedures for chitin from Ganoderma were proposed. Beginning with the grinding of the Ganoderma fruiting bodies, the product powder was treated with sodium hydroxide followed by the separation and bleaching processes. Depending on the procedures, the final products are sacchachitin and sacchachitosan. Degree of de-acetylation, the chemical structure of saccharchitin and its derivatives, were analyzed using the PVSK titration method, IR, and NMR. The molecular weight was then determined using viscosity meter, and the morphology was investigated using SEM. An antibiotic test for sacchachitosan was undertaken with A. actinomycetemcomitans. The purpose of this study is to ensure the full utilizations of Ganoderma, to produce not only chitin but also other high valued products. Furthermore, we provided a much safer and steadier sources materials, through optimized procedures.
