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Antibiotics Vs. Vaccines

Antibiotics Vs. Vaccines. A discussion which incorporates three kingdoms and the nonliving…. Antibiotic Medicines. What are they and when are antibiotics used?

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Antibiotics Vs. Vaccines

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  1. Antibiotics Vs. Vaccines A discussion which incorporates three kingdoms and the nonliving…

  2. Antibiotic Medicines • What are they and when are antibiotics used? • Antibiotics are for bacterial infections (Monera). Some bacteria can make another organism sick. The antibiotics help the immune system fight the infecting bacteria (in advanced animals).

  3. Antibiotic Medications • Where do antibiotic medications come from? • Fungi! Fungi naturally secrete chemicals which attack bacteria. This allows fungi to compete with bacteria that want to decompose the same food source. • Penicillin is an antibiotic medication derived from the mold (fungus) called Penicillium.

  4. Vaccines • What are they and when are vaccines used? • Vaccines are not medications. Vaccines contain a mixture of dead and/or weakened viruses (or bacteria). Vaccines train the immune system (advanced animals only) to recognize an infective virus and destroy the virus before the animal can become sick. • Vaccines must be given before illness, which is why children, pets, and overseas travelers are given vaccines.

  5. White blood cells fight infection (any foreign protein) • Memory cells in the immune system can be trained to remember invading viruses, which is why vaccines create permanent or temporary immunity.

  6. What is a virus? • A virus is a protein coat surrounding a short DNA (or RNA) strand. • Viruses are not defined as “living” and are not classified in a kingdom. • Viruses are not heterotrophs or phototrophs, do not respond to stimuli, and cannot reproduce on their own. • Viruses must use a “host” cell’s machinery (organelles and enzymes) to make more viruses… • The host cell usually dies. Afterward, more viruses infect other host cells. • Viruses are “host specific”. • Please see p. 195-197 in your Biology textbook.

  7. The Virus: Non-living, host-specific,contains genetic material

  8. Common Vaccines • Children: Measles, Whooping cough, Chicken pox • Pets: Rabies • World Health Organization: Rotavirus • Adults and children: Influenza, Hepatitis • College students: Meningcoccal meningitis • Devastating viral diseases no longer common due to vaccines: polio, small pox • There is no vaccine for HIV (AIDS) or the common cold (rhinovirus).

  9. Public Awareness and Health To STOP the overuse and misuse of antibiotic medicines! European Antibiotic Awareness Day: November 18th Antibiotic Awareness Week in Canada: November 12-18, 2012

  10. The Careful Use of Antibiotics • Antibiotics do not fight viruses! • Antibiotics should be not taken for anything other than a bacterial infection. • ONLY take antibiotics prescribed by your doctor for YOU and always finish the ENTIRE prescription.

  11. What is antibiotic resistance? • Overuse or incorrect use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is dangerous and can be harmful to all organisms in a population. • Antibiotic resistance is an inherited trait in bacteria which makes them very difficult to kill with antibiotic medications. • How can this happen? • Discuss!

  12. Public Awareness and Health “Resistance Fighter” Campaign in Australia “Get Smart” Campaign in the United States with awareness week of Nov. 18-24, 2013 CDC Online materials

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