Prosocial Relations Module 59

1. 1 Prosocial RelationsModule 59

2. 2 Psychology of Attraction Proximity: Geographic nearness is a powerful predictor of friendship. Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases their attraction (mere exposure effect). In me I trust. In a social trap type game with a supposed other player, University students were more trusting and cooperative when the other person�s picture face had some features of their own face morphed into it (DeBruine, 2002). OBJECTIVE 58-1| Describe the influence of proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity on interpersonal attractions.In me I trust. In a social trap type game with a supposed other player, University students were more trusting and cooperative when the other person�s picture face had some features of their own face morphed into it (DeBruine, 2002). OBJECTIVE 58-1| Describe the influence of proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity on interpersonal attractions.

3. 3 Psychology of Attraction 2. Physical Attractiveness: Once proximity affords contact the next most important thing in attraction is physical appearance.

4. 4 Psychology of Attraction 3. Similarity: Having similar views between individuals causes the bond of attraction to strengthen.

5. 5 Romantic Love Passionate Love: An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Men who were aroused by fright rated a woman as more attractive (their physiological arousal affected their cognitive appraisal) � (White and Kight, 1984). OBJECTIVE 58-2| Describe the effect of physical arousal on passionate love, and identify two predictors of enduring companionate love.Men who were aroused by fright rated a woman as more attractive (their physiological arousal affected their cognitive appraisal) � (White and Kight, 1984). OBJECTIVE 58-2| Describe the effect of physical arousal on passionate love, and identify two predictors of enduring companionate love.

6. 6 Romantic Love Companionate Love: Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.

7. 7 Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Altruism OBJECTIVE 58-3| Define altruism, and give an example.OBJECTIVE 58-3| Define altruism, and give an example.

8. 8 Bystander Effect Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. Catherine Susan Genovese (July 7, 1935[1] � March 13, 1964), commonly known as Kitty Genovese, was a New York City woman who was stabbed to death near her home in the Kew Gardens section of Queens, New York.[2] The circumstances of her murder and the apparent reaction (or lack thereof) of her neighbors were reported by a newspaper article published two weeks later and prompted investigation into the psychological phenomenon that became known as the bystander effect or "Genovese syndrome."[3] from Wikipedia. OBJECTIVE 58-4| Describe the steps in the decision-making process involved in bystander intervention.Catherine Susan Genovese (July 7, 1935[1] � March 13, 1964), commonly known as Kitty Genovese, was a New York City woman who was stabbed to death near her home in the Kew Gardens section of Queens, New York.[2] The circumstances of her murder and the apparent reaction (or lack thereof) of her neighbors were reported by a newspaper article published two weeks later and prompted investigation into the psychological phenomenon that became known as the bystander effect or "Genovese syndrome."[3] from Wikipedia. OBJECTIVE 58-4| Describe the steps in the decision-making process involved in bystander intervention.

9. 9 Bystander Intervention The decision-making process for bystander intervention. This figure refers to research from Darley and Latane (1968a) in which a physical emergency was simulated in the lab. Only students who believed only they could hear the victim went to help. This figure refers to research from Darley and Latane (1968a) in which a physical emergency was simulated in the lab. Only students who believed only they could hear the victim went to help.

10. 10 The Norms for Helping Social Exchange Theory: Our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Reciprocity Norm: The expectation that we should return help not harm to those who have helped us. suggests that we should help those who need it, even if the costs outweigh the benefits. Social�Responsibility Norm: Largely learnt, a norm that tells us to help others when they need us even though they may not repay us in kind. We rely on socialization to prescribe how we should behave in various situations, even when we don�t stand to benefit, and we rely on the reciprocity norm (the expectation that we should return help to people who have given it). OBJECTIVE 58-5| Explain altruistic behavior from the perspective of social exchange theory and social norms.We rely on socialization to prescribe how we should behave in various situations, even when we don�t stand to benefit, and we rely on the reciprocity norm (the expectation that we should return help to people who have given it). OBJECTIVE 58-5| Explain altruistic behavior from the perspective of social exchange theory and social norms.

11. 11 Superordinate Goals are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. Peacemaking OBJECTIVE 58-6| Discuss effective ways of encouraging peaceful cooperation and reducing social conflict.OBJECTIVE 58-6| Discuss effective ways of encouraging peaceful cooperation and reducing social conflict.

12. Enemy Perceptions People in conflict form diabolical images of one another.

13. 13 Graduated & Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction (GRIT) A strategy designed to decrease international tensions. One side recognizes mutual interests and initiates a small conciliatory act that opens the door for reciprocation by the other party. Peacemaking In lab experiments, this has been the most effective strategy for increasing trust and cooperation. In lab experiments, this has been the most effective strategy for increasing trust and cooperation.