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REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM 2013’S DISASTERS PART 1: EARTHQUAKE EXAMPLES

This article highlights the lessons learned from various earthquakes in 2013, emphasizing the importance of adopting policies and implementing measures for disaster resilience. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities for creating turning points towards earthquake resilience.

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REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM 2013’S DISASTERS PART 1: EARTHQUAKE EXAMPLES

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  1. REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM 2013’S DISASTERSPART 1: EARTHQUAKE EXAMPLES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. ONCE AGAIN, 2013’S DISASTERS DEMONSTRATED THAT IT USUALLY TAKES MULTIPLE DISASTERS BEFORE THE STRICKEN NATION DECIDES TO BECOME DISASTER RESILIENT MOST OTHER NATIONS USUALLY DON’T CHANGE A SINGLE POLICY

  3. FAULTY PREMISE: ONE DISASTER ANYWHERE SHOULD BE ENOUGH TO MAKE ANY NATION ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO THEIR OWN DISASTER RESILIENCE

  4. RECENT DEADLY EARTHQUAKES IN WESTERN CHINA • SICHUAN PROVINCE - APRIL 2010: At least 196 people dead. • QINGHA PROVINCE -2010: A M6.9 earth-quake killed 2,700 people • SICHUAN PROVINCE -A M7.9 earthquake in May 2008: 88,000 dead and 56 million buildings damaged

  5. LOCATION OF JULY 22 QUAKES

  6. TWIN EARTHQUAKES HIT WESTERN CHINA ON JULY 22, 201394 Deaths Despite Being Moderate-Magnitude Events

  7. The first temblor struck at 7:45 am; Together they killed 94, injured 1,000, and caused collapse or severe damage to 127,000 homes. LESSON: Ground Shaking will Damage or Destroy Unprotected Buildings (i.e., no building code or an inadequate building code invites a disaster)

  8. MAGNITUDES: 5.9 and 5.6, BUT WITH SHALOW DEPTHS LESSON: A Shallow Depth of Focus Will Exacerbate the Damage From Ground Shaking in any Earthquake

  9. TYPICAL DAMAGE

  10. Chinese President Xi Jinping called for an “all-out” rescue effort and made saving lives the top priority

  11. Officials dispatched thousands of police, firefighters, soldiers and government officials to search for survivors in an effort to keep loss of life as low as possible.

  12. EMERGENCY RESPONSE

  13. Rescue efforts were hampered by landslides and roads which had already been closed as the result of heavy rain. LESSON: Expect all Kinds of Things to go Wrong During the Emergency Response Period When Timing is Critically Important .

  14. TEMPORARY MEDICAL FACILITY FOR TREATING INJURIES

  15. EMERGENCY MEDICAL

  16. THE CHALLENGES FACING MANY NATIONS Preparedness Adoption and Implementation of a Modern Building Code and Lifeline Standards Reassuring the People of Their Safety Timely Emergency Response Cost-Effective Recovery

  17. WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE EXPERIENCES WITH PREPAREDNESS EXPERIENCES WITH MONITORING AND WARNING INTEGRATE GLOBAL EXPERIENCES WITH YOUR EXPERIENCES EXPERIENCES WITH DISASTER SCENARIO PLANNING EXPERIENCES WITH RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCES WITH PREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND ADAPTATION

  18. THE CHALLENGE: POLICY CHANGES: CREATE, ADJUST, AND REALIGN PROGRAMS, PARTNERS AND PEOPLE UNTIL YOU HAVE CREATED THE KINDS OF TURNING POINTS NEEDED FOR MOVING TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE

  19. QUAKE HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • FORECASTS/SCENARIOS • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION EARTHQUAKE RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK QUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION COMMUNITIES HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

  20. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE IN ANY COUNTRY USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING POINTS

  21. 2014--2020 IS A GOOD TIME FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL, HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY DISASTERRESILIENCE

  22. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE IN ANY COUNTRY INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY

  23. CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES “DISASTER LABORATORIES” LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  24. Real and Near- Real Time Monitoring Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines Enlighten Communities on Their Risks Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization Create a Seismic Zonation Construct (A Policy Tool) Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards Introduce New Technologies Situation Data Bases Multiply Capability by International Twinning Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community Cause & Effect Relationships Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources Gateways to a Deeper Understanding INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scales THE KNOWLEDGE BASE APPLICATIONS EDUCATIONAL SURGES

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