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Latin Revolutions

Latin Revolutions. 1791-1825. Path to Revolutions. The American and French Revolutions took place in the late 1700s.

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Latin Revolutions

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  1. Latin Revolutions 1791-1825

  2. Path to Revolutions • The American and French Revolutions took place in the late 1700s. • Within twenty years, the ideas and examples of these revolutions influenced and inspired the people of Latin America to establish independent nations, most notably in Haiti and Mexico.

  3. Domino Effect • Enlightenment • American Rev • French Revolution • Latin Revolution

  4. From 1500 to 1800, Latin America was colonized by Europe, especially Spain

  5. A Layered Society • *Encomienda System: Gave the Spanish colonists the power to force natives into slavery and pay taxes. • *The separation of the various peoples described their place in society • *Peninsulares-born in Spain, held highest positions in colonial government and Catholic Church • *Creole- American born descendants of Spanish settlers, owned most of the plantations, ranches and mines. Treated as second class citizens.

  6. A Layered Society • Mestizo- Native American and European descendant • Mulatto- African and European descendant • African and Native American descendant were the lowest social class

  7. The Haitian Revolution 1791–1804 • Very brutal insurrection

  8. Haiti was a French colony with 500,000 African slaves working on sugar & coffee plantations • Plantation owners usedbrutalmethods to control slaves • In 1791, Haitian slaves rose in revolt; Toussaint L’Ouverture became the leader of the slave uprising & helped free all the slaves by 1801 • Haiti was the first Latin American colony to free itself from European rule

  9. Toussaint L’Ouverture • *Born a slave • *Granted freedom in 1777 • *Formed his own army • *Inspired by revolutions in France and America • *Led the revolt in Haiti

  10. Contributions of Toussaint L’Ouverture • Results: • *Defeated the armies of three foreign powers: Spain, France, and Britain. • *Abolished slavery • Won independence

  11. The Mexican Revolution 1821

  12. Miguel Hidalgo • *Catholic priest who was a leader of the revolt that sparked the Mexican War for Independence • *Ignited uprising of poor Mexicans against Spanish ruling class (peninsulares) • *Hidalgo was executed but sparked the movement. Jose Morales took his place

  13. Mexican War of Independence • * “el Grito de Dolores” • "Cry of Independence“- • a call to fight for Mexican independence. • *Separation of Mexico from Spain • *Result of the war: end to slavery and exploitation of native people

  14. During the rebellion, Hidalgo was killed but Mexicans found new leaders to continue the fight another 10 years • The turning point in the war came in 1820 when the creoles switched sides & joined the revolt against Spain • In 1821, Spain granted Mexico its independence & a republic was formed

  15. Simon Bolivarel Libertador • *Native-born resident of Venezuela who led revolutionary efforts • *Began campaign to rebel • against royalty. Influenced • by Rousseau • *Supported a constitutional • monarchy • * • Hoped to unite with Venezuela • and Columbia (Gran Columbia)

  16. From 1811 to 1824, Venezuelan creole Simon Bolivar led an army of revolutionaries against Spain • Bolivar helped create new nations of Grand Colombia, Peru, Bolivia

  17. From 1800 to 1830, Latin American colonies began declaring independence from European nations & establishing democracies throughout the Americas

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