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Oral presentations

Oral presentations. Examples of talks. Lectures Class presentations Technical seminars Training sessions & workshops Sermons Speeches Street preaching Discussions in meetings Sales pitches. Characteristics of good/bad talks?. Address the 4 rhetorical factors

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Oral presentations

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  1. Oral presentations

  2. Examples of talks • Lectures • Class presentations • Technical seminars • Training sessions & workshops • Sermons • Speeches • Street preaching • Discussions in meetings • Sales pitches

  3. Characteristics of good/bad talks? • Address the 4 rhetorical factors • Start and end on time • Communicate a few points well • Include only relevant material • Use effective graphics

  4. Checklist for a talk Determine your purpose. Understand your audience. Understand the context. Determine the content. Practice your presentation.

  5. Determine your purpose What are some general purposes of presentations? • To inform • To tell about a problem or solution, to report research results, to educate • 2. To persuade • To change attitudes or behaviors, to sell, to get something • 3. To entertain • To provide enjoyment

  6. Understand your audience What are some questions one should answer about the audience? What does the audience expect? Who is the audience? Are they friendly? Hostile? Why might they want to listen? Is the topic of common interest? What does the audience know about the topic? What about topic is most relevant or interesting? What media are most appropriate? How long will they want to listen? Can the audience read? Does the audience crave higher mathematics?

  7. Understand your audience Audience retention vs. time 100 75 Retention (%) 50 25 0 0 25 50

  8. Understand the context What are some questions one should answer about the context? What is the occasion? What is the location? What are room arrangements? What equipment is required? What equipment is available?

  9. Determine your content Keep it simple!! Focus on a few important points. Motivate the talk well. Don’t show every detail. Leave them wanting more (and tell them how to get it).

  10. Organize your content What are some ways to organize the content? By topic or flow of ideas By chronology or time By space (such as for posters/displays) By classification or categories By problem/solution By cause/effect

  11. Fill in the blanks or choose the correct answer: Practice! • The first version of a talk will likely be too ______. • 2. In 20 minutes, one can practice a 5-minute talk _____ times. • 3. Prof. Rehmann practices the longest/shortest talks most. • 4. The hardest parts of a talk are the ________ and the _______. • 5. People who reach the end of the allotted time and have discussed only the motivation and methods look ________. • 6. After you practice the talk, don’t forget to practice ______________.

  12. Graphics Identify possible problems in the following slides and suggest improvements

  13. Motor Connecting rod Combs Rack Pulley Flywheel Electrical box Enclosure Test section Rods Supports Window • = stirring frequency d = rod size N = buoyancy frequency

  14. Objectives Determine the source of pollution in the Raccoon River. Model effect of contamination on downstream waters. Suggest methods to remove the contamination.

  15. We performed laboratory experiments to determine the conditions under which differential diffusion occurs and evaluate its effect on the mixing efficiency. Diffusively stable profiles of temperature and salinity were stirred steadily by horizontally oscillating vertical rods. The two-component stratification ensures that both scalars experience the same stratification and forcing, or Richardson and Reynolds numbers. Temperature and salinity profiles were obtained with a temperature-conductivity probe, and the work done by the rods on the water was measured with a force transducer. The eddy diffusivities KT and KS were estimated by fitting theoretical solutions of diffusion equations to the measured profiles for temperature and salinity, and the mixing efficiency was computed as the ratio of the potential energy change during a stirring interval to the work done in that interval. The average dissipation rate ea was computed from the work measurements and an integrated energy budget. • We observed differential diffusion and identified conditions for its occurrence. T-S diagrams qualitatively show the effects of differential diffusion. One can determine whether the diffusivity ratio d = KS/KT is larger or smaller between two cases by comparing T-S diagrams, but care must be taken to compare equal time intervals made dimensionless by H2/KT. Differential diffusion occurred for ea/nN2 < 300-500 or for RiT > 1. The diffusivity ratio varied between 0.5 and 1 in the range 50 < ea/nN2 < 500. For similar values of ea/nN2 Barry et al. (2001) noted a change in the behavior of the turbulence, though they did not have data to evaluate Schmidt number effects. • In the present experiments, eddy diffusivities of temperature, salinity, and density collapsed well when normalized by the kinematic viscosity for large ea/nN2. The data did not collapse as well when differential diffusion occurred. • The experiments also illustrate the effect of differential diffusion on the mixing efficiency. When differential diffusion occurs, the density ratio will be important. If KT > KS, then the mixing efficiency will be greater in cases in which more of the stratification is caused by temperature. We measured mixing efficiencies for cases with low density ratio (Rr ≈ 0.25) and high density ratio (Rr ≈ 5). In both cases, the efficiency increased from 0 to 1.5% as the Richardson number RiT increased from 0 to 1. However, for RiT > 1, the efficiency for the high density ratio case exceeded that for the low density ratio case and increased more rapidly. The measurements show that effects of differential diffusion on the mixing efficiency can be significant. Summary and Conclusions

  16. We used the following formulas in our calculations: Methods • Single Payment - Compound Amount Formula, (F/P, i, n)F/P = (1 + i)n • Single Payment - Present Value (Worth) Formula, (P/F, i, n)P/F = (1 + i)-n • Sinking Fund Formula, (A/F, i, n)A/F = i / (1 + i)n - 1 • Capital Recovery Formula, (A/P, i, n)A/P = (i (1 + i)n ) / ((1 + i)n - 1) • Uniform Series - Compound Amount Formula, (F/A, i, n)F/A = ((1 + i)n -1) / i • Uniform Series - Present Worth Formula, (P/A, i, n)P/A = ((1 + i)n -1) / (i (1 + i)n ) • where • i is the interest or discount rate (decimal fraction) per accounting period. • n is the number of accounting periods from 0, there may be several n's. • P is a Present Value at time 0, may be positive or negative. • F is a Future Value at a time n, may be positive or negative. • A is a uniform amount per period for n periods, may be positive or negative.

  17. Results

  18. Affect of control on zebra mussels Let 25% >150 mm pass Let 100% pass Let 84% pass

  19. Cash flows

  20. Net present worth 300 200 Net present worth (K$) 100 0 Plan A Plan B Plan C

  21. 4,000 Actual world total 3,000 Projected world total Mammal species 2,000 Eurasia Africa 1,000 S. Am N. Am Australia 0 10 million 100 million Land area (square kilometers) Source: Sisk, Launer, Switky, Ehrlich 1994. Identifying extinction threats. BioScience 44:592-604

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