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SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS

SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS. Cambodia DHS and Measure DHS + Survey Objectives and Methodology Housing and Characteristics of the Population Fertility and its Determinants Fertility Preferences Family Planning Abortion Women’s Status Domestic Violence HIV/AIDS and Other STIs

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SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS

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  1. SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS Cambodia DHS and Measure DHS+ Survey Objectives and Methodology Housing and Characteristics of the Population Fertility and its Determinants Fertility Preferences Family Planning Abortion Women’s Status Domestic Violence HIV/AIDS and Other STIs Health Status and Utilization of Health Services Infant, Child and Maternal Mortality Maternal and Child Health Infant Feeding & Childhood and Maternal Nutrition

  2. Breastfeeding and Supplementation Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Micronutrient Status

  3. Breastfeeding and its benefits • Breastmilk contains all the nutrients that most babies need in the first 6 months. • It is hygienic, safe and economical. • Colostrum (premilk substance containing antibodies and white cells from the mother’s blood) is a key supplement for the infant’s immune system. • Colostrum is produced in the first 2 to 3 days of lactation.

  4. What proportion of children are breastfed? 57% of infants are given other liquids before breast milk, a practice that exposes them to pathogens and increases their risk of infection, especially diarrheal disease.

  5. For how long are children breastfed? • Any breastfeeding: 24 months • Exclusive breastfeeding: less than 1 month • 99% of children under 6 months of age were breastfed at least 6 times in the 24 hours before the interview

  6. What do children less than 4 months receive?

  7. Supplementary feeding • Whereas early supplementation feeding is not recommended because: • It may expose children to pathogens • It decreases an infant’s intake of breast milk • And it also reduces breast milk production… • However, starting at the age of 6 months, children should be receiving supplementary feeding since breastmilk alone is no longer sufficient.

  8. What do children 6 to 9 months receive?

  9. Use of the bottle… This practice puts these children at a higher risk of illness and malnutrition.

  10. Breastfeeding and Supplementation Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Micronutrient Status

  11. Level of malnutrition(Percent of children under age 5)

  12. Stunting variations by mother’s education and by residence Residence: Urban 38% Rural 46% Education: No education 51% Primary 43% Secondary+ 35%

  13. Breastfeeding and Supplementation Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Micronutrient Status

  14. What percentage of women are malnourished? • 21% of women have a BMI (Body Mass Index) below 18.5; they are considered underweight. • 6% of women are shorter than 145 cm, a sign of poor nutritional status during childhood and adolescence.

  15. Breastfeeding and Supplementation Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Micronutrient Status

  16. Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) • IDD is a major global nutrition concern. • IDD can be avoided by using salt that has been fortified with iodine. • Interviewers asked household respondents for a teaspoon of salt and tested it for iodine content using portable test kits provided by UNICEF. • Only 12% of children live in households using adequately iodized salt.

  17. Regional variations in the proportion of children living in households with iodized salt Nationwide 12%: 23% urban 11% rural

  18. Iron-deficiency anemia • Most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. • Prevalence is defined by low hemoglobin. • In the CDHS, direct measurement of hemoglobin for children 6-59 months and women 15-49 years was done in 1 household in 4. • Level of hemoglobin was measured by taking a drop of capillary blood from a person’s fingertips or heel.

  19. Prevalence of anemia by age 63% 85% 78% 55%

  20. Percent 58 51 59 50 58 62 Prevalence of anemia among women

  21. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) • Vitamin A is essential for the growth and development, sight, immune function and reproduction. • VAD is strongly linked to the nature of foods available and to the feeding practices. • In the survey, VAD was estimated by looking at the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in the week before the survey and in the consumption of vitamin A supplements.

  22. Vitamin A intake among children *In the week preceding the survey ** In the 6 months preceding the survey

  23. Main Findings • 96% of children born in the last five years have been breastfed. • However, only 11% were breastfed in the first hour and 24% during the first day. • 14% of children under 4 months areexclusively breastfed • Half of children under age 3 were breastfed until 24 months. • Supplementary feeding is introduced much too early in life.

  24. 16% of children less than 36 months are bottle-fed, which can be detrimental to their health. • Almost half (45%) of children are stunted (too short for their age) including 21% severely. • One in five women (21%) have a BMI of less than 18.5. • Around 3 in 5 children and women are anemic. • Consumption of iodized salt is very low. • Consumption of foods rich in vitamin-A is 76%.

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