RDA Resource Description and Access

1. RDAResource Description and Access N.S. Harinarayana Associate Professor Department of Library and Information Science University of Mysore, Mysore

2. RDA: Resource Description and Access The successor to AACR2 Released in 2010 Primarily web-based (RDA Toolkit), but also in but also in print form at a later stage Text is not read in a linear fashion Text is repeated whenever needed to support Hyperlink Based on concepts from FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)

3. RDA: Who is responsible? Joint Steering Committee (JSC) American Library Association (ALA) Australian Committee on Cataloguing (ACOC) British Library (BL) Canadian Committee on Cataloguing (CCC) Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) Library of Congress (LC) Assisted by JSC Secretary and RDA Project Manager JSC reports to the Committee of Principals (CoP)

4. RDA Acronyms FRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records FRAD Functional Requirements for Authority Data FRSAR Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records ISBD International Standard Bibliographic Description

5. Adopting RDA Who is RDA for? Libraries Metadata community Museums, archives, educators, publishers Dublin Core compatibility What about training? NLA will be working with various training agencies in Australia to make the materials available and accessible to all users

6. New standard : why? Simplify rules Encourage use as a content standard for metadata schema Encourage international applicability Goes past AACR2 in cataloguing digital resources Flexibility to accommodate newly emerging resources Support flexible catalogues It’s about recording data, not the presentation of this data Provide more consistency Rules will be applied independent of any particular syntax or structure

7. New standard : why? – cont. Emphasis on helping users by providing information they need to find, identify, select and obtain information resources Recognizes that libraries now operate in a digital web based environment. Support integration of library catalogue records with those produced by other metadata communities.

8. New standard : why? – cont. Address current problems Principle-based To build cataloguer’s judgment Encourage application of FRBR/FRAD

9. BASIC CONCEPTS: Entity, Attribute, Relationship

10. WHAT IS ENTITY? • Person

11. WHAT IS ENTITY? • Place

12. WHAT IS ENTITY? • Object

13. WHAT IS ENTITY? • Event

14. ATTRIBUTES Descriptive properties possessed by each member of an entity set.

15. ENTITY SET/TYPE: • Set of entities of the same type that share the same attributes. ENTITY SET : STUDENT Student A Student B Student C Student D

16. ENTITY SET : STUDENT STUDENT A STUDENT B STUDENT C STUDENT D ENTITY SET : TEACHER Mr. A Mr. B Mr. C Mr.D

17. What is relationship? • Meaningful association among several entities.

18. RELATIONSHIP SET/TYPE: A set of relationships of the same type.

19. RELATIONSHIP SET : SUBJECT ENTITY SET : STUDENT ENTITY SET : TEACHER Student A Mr. A Mr. B Student B Student C Mr. C

20. DEGREE OF RELATIONSHIP SET The number of entity sets that participate in a relationship set.

21. RELATIONSHIP SET : SUBJECT ENTITY SET : STUDENT ENTITY SET : TEACHER Student A Mr. A Mr. B Student B Student C Mr. C

22. TYPES OF ATTRIBUTES • Single and composite: • roll number is an example of single attribute as it can not be divided further. • Name can be divided further into 3 parts consisting of first name , middle name , last name so it is an example of composite attribute.

23. TYPES OF ATTRIBUTES • Single valued and multivalued: • The attributes which have single value are single valued attributes such roll number. • The attributes which has a set of values are called multivalued attributes. Such as any student can have more than 1 telephone number .

24. TYPES OF ATTRIBUTES • Derived attribute: • These attributes are derived from the existing attributes of entities. • The value of a derived attribute is not stored , but computed when required.

26. TYPES OF ATTRIBUTES • Descriptive attribute: • The attribute of the relationship is called descriptive attribute.

27. Cardinality • One to many • Many to one • One to one • Many to many • It expresses the number of entities to which another entity can be associated via a relationship set.

28. ONE TO MANY A B a1 b1 b2 a2 a3 b3 a4 b4

29. b2 a1 b1 a2 a3 b2 a4 b3 a5 MANY TO ONE A B

30. a1 b1 a2 b2 a3 b3 a4 b4 ONE TO ONE A B

31. a1 b1 a2 b2 a3 b3 a4 b4 MANY TO MANY A B

32. Key FRBR concepts An entity relationship model FRBR Group 1 entities: Work Expression Manifestation Item FRBR Group 2 entities: Persons, corporate bodies FRBR user tasks: Find, Identify, Select, Obtain

33. is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by FRBR Entity Relationships Work Expression Manifestation one Item many Slide by Barbara Tillett, LC Based on the slide by Barbara Tillett, LC

34. FRBR Entity Relationships Is created by Person or Corporate body Work Is realized by Person or Corporate body Language edition of the text Videorecording of the text Print version Videocassette Abridged edition version DVD Online version is produced by Person or Corporate body Work Expression Manifestation Item Copies owned by the library

35. Group 1 entities The “idea” of TheLord of the Rings: e.g., the novel; the “movie”; the score. Work The realisation of The Lord of the Rings in one or more modes of expression: e.g. “English text”, “French translation”, “performance”, the director’s cut. Expression Manifestation The embodiment of TheLord of the Rings: e.g. CDaudio book ISBN-13: 978-0007141326 ; or Audio Cassette  ISBN 0007127448 Item An exemplar of a manifestation of, “The Lord of the Rings”, e.g.: My copy!. Slide by Alan Danskin, British Library

36. Collocation Better organization of the catalogue Easier cataloging The ability to customize rules to suit a specific type of material. RDA will make it easier to identify basic instructions and ignore detailed instructions that are required for a more complex level of description The ability to retrieve rules for unfamiliar formats and save them as a workflow The ability to add users’ notes online and integrate rule interpretations and any institution policies FRBR Benefits

37. Reduction in cataloging load Work only catalogued once for all expressions of it Expression only cataloged once for all manifestations of it Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same Circulation Place holds at Work or Expression level rather than only at Manifestation level FRBR Benefits

38. Critical Differences (Changes) Between AACR2 and RDA Level of description Comprehensive description Analytical description Multilevel description Structure GMD/SMD [content: carrier or the physical format] Includes the carrier and type of media Music CD might be displayed as [music recording: CD audio], and Videocassette might be displayed as [moving image: video VHS] Map or Atlas on CD-ROM might be displayed as [cartographic resource: digital] Global edit and replace function will be able to map the existing GMD to its new value in the new field

39. Critical Differences (Changes) Between AACR2 and RDA – cont. Punctuation punctuation not integralBUT Can be mapped to existing MARC punctuation or any other Schema used (such as Dublin Core, .HTML, etc.) Retrospective cataloguing is not required as there will be no significant changes Compatible with AACR2 Instructions are not different but grouped and presented differently Retrospective adjustment will be minimal – only where rules on access point creation have changed Terminology

40. Further Changes: Rules for Access Points Few abbreviations will be used in RDA Bible. O.T. After RDA: Bible. Old Testament Bible. O.T. Job After RDA: Bible. Job Rule of three Selections Lacking collective title

41. AACR2 terms Heading Authorized heading Main Entry Added Entry Authority control Uniform title RDA terms Access point Preferred Access point Primary Access point Secondary Access point Access point control Preferred title Name of the work (to include name of creator when applicable) New Terminology

42. Mandatory Elements of Description • Title • Statement of responsibility • Edition • Numbering • Publisher, etc. • Date of Publication • Title proper of series • Numbering within series • Resource identifier • Form of carrier • Extent • Scale of cartographic content • Coordinates of cartographic content

43. RDA & MARC21 AACR2 and MARC 21 are two different standards designed for two different purposes. AACR2 is largely a content and display standard while MARC 21 is an encoding standard. RDA will contain guidelines for choosing and recording data to include in bibliographic and authority records. MARC 21 is one possible schema for encoding records created using RDA, but it will also be possible to encode records created using RDA in other schemas, such as MODS or Dublin Core.

44. Examples Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone / J.K. Rowling. WORK Language material – English EXPRESSION Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone / J. K. Rowling. London : Bloomsbury, 1999 MANIFESTATION Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone / J. K. Rowling. London : Bloomsbury, 2000. Edition: Abridged ed. MANIFESTATION Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone / J. K. Rowling. London : Church House Publishing, 2007. Edition: Large print ed. MANIFESTATION Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [Online] MANIFESTATION

45. Examples Sound recording EXPRESSION Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [Audiocassette] MANIFESTATION Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [CD audio] MANIFESTATION Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone - the movie WORK Videorecording EXPRESSION Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [DVD] MANIFESTATION Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [VHS] MANIFESTATION

46. RDA Structure (Content) Part one: Recording attributes of entities Part two: Recording relationships between entities

47. Attributes of Entities Sect. 1. Recording attributes of manifestation and item Sect. 2. Recording attributes of work and expression Sect. 3. Recording attributes of person, family, and corporate body Sect. 4. Recording attributes of concept, object, event and place

48. Relationships between entities - Internal relationships Sect. 5 – Primary relationships between a work/expressions/manifestations/items Sect. 6 – Relationships to persons, families or corporate bodies Sect. 7 – Subject relationships

49. Relationships between entities - External relationships Sect. 8 – Relationships between different works, expressions, manifestations and items Sect. 9 – Relationships between different persons, families, corporate bodies Sect. 10 –Relationships between concepts, objects, events and places

50. Online tool: The RDA Toolkit Browse, search, display Links within and beyond RDA Annotations and bookmarks Updates Profiles – persistent settings Views - e.g. core elements Workflows – step-by-step processes