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Oxygenation by Johann Gurnell Oxygenation

Oxygenation by Johann Gurnell Oxygenation. Functions of the Respiratory System. Ventilation Respiration Perfusion. The Organs of the Respiratory Tract. Factors Related to the Normal Functioning of the Respiratory System. The integrity of the airway system to transport air to and from lungs

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Oxygenation by Johann Gurnell Oxygenation

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  1. OxygenationbyJohann GurnellOxygenation

  2. Functions of the Respiratory System • Ventilation • Respiration • Perfusion

  3. The Organs of the Respiratory Tract

  4. Factors Related to the Normal Functioning of the Respiratory System • The integrity of the airway system to transport air to and from lungs • A properly functioning alveolar system in the lungs to oxygenate venous blood and remove carbon dioxide • A properly functioning cardiovascular and hematologic system to carry nutrients and wastes to and from body cells

  5. Factors Affecting Respiratory Functioning • Level of health • Developmental level • Medications • Life style • Environment • Psychological health

  6. Using a Pulse Oximeter • Purpose • Measure the oxyhemoglobin saturation of blood • Method • A sensor or probe, uses a beam of red and infrared light which travels through tissue and blood vessels • The oximeter calculates the amount of light absorbed by blood • Oxygen saturation is determined by the amount of each light absorbed

  7. Uses for Pulse Oximetry • Monitoring patients receiving oxygen therapy • Titrating oxygen therapy • Monitoring those at risk for hypoxia • Monitoring postoperative patients

  8. Purposes of Incentive Spirometry • Provides visual reinforcement for deep breathing by the patient • Assists the patient to breathe slowly and deeply • Helps the patient to sustain maximal inspiration, while providing immediate positive reinforcement • Encourages the patient to maximize lung inhalation to prevent or reduce atelectasis • Supports optimal gas exchange • Helps patient to clear and expectorate secretions

  9. Incentive Spirometry

  10. Oxygen Delivery Systems • Nasal cannula • Simple mask • Partial rebreather mask • Nonrebreather mask • Venturi mask

  11. Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula • Most commonly used oxygen delivery device • Disposable device with two protruding prongs inserted into the nostrils • Connects to an oxygen source with a flowmeter and many times a humidifier • Delivers from 1 L per minute to 6 L per minute of oxygen • Does not impede eating or speaking; easily used at home • Can be easily dislodged and cause dryness of the nasal mucosa

  12. Applying Cannula to Nares

  13. Criteria for Documentation of Use of Oxygen Mask • Type of mask used • Amount of oxygen used • Oxygen saturation level • Lung sounds • Rate/pattern of respirations • Pre- and post-intervention assessment

  14. Simple Mask

  15. Non-rebreather

  16. Venturi Mask

  17. Placing Oxygen Hood Over Baby

  18. Using an Oxygen Tent • Advantages • Option for children who will not leave a face mask or nasal cannula in place • Gives the patient freedom to move in bed or crib while humidified oxygen is being delivered • Disadvantages • Hard to keep closed due to contact with parents • Difficult to maintain a consistent level of oxygen and deliver oxygen at a higher rate than 30% to 50% • Child’s clothing must be assessed for dampness

  19. Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Airways • Maintains a patent airway • Removes saliva, pulmonary secretions, blood, vomitus, or foreign material from the pharynx • Helps a patient who cannot successfully clear his airway by coughing and expectorating

  20. Measuring for an Oropharyngeal Airway

  21. Measuring for a Nasopharyngeal Airway

  22. Suctioning an Endotracheal Tube • Purpose • Remove pulmonary secretions, blood, vomitus, or foreign material from the airway • Goal • Remove secretions not accessible to cilia bypassed by the tube itself • Adverse effects • Hypoxemia, cardiac dysrhythmias, trauma, atelectasis, infection, bleeding, and pain

  23. Ensuring Endotracheal Tube Is Stabilized and Removing Old Tape

  24. Assessment Made When Suctioning a Tracheostomy • Lung sounds • Oxygenation saturation level • Respiratory status • Pain

  25. Providing Tracheostomy Care • Nurse is responsible for cleaning a nondisposable inner cannula or replacing a disposable one. • Tracheostomy dressing must be changed regularly to prevent skin breakdown and infection. • A newly inserted tracheostomy may require attention every 1 to 2 hours. • Meticulous care using aseptic technique is necessary.

  26. Purposes of Chest Tubes • Pleural effusion: drain fluid • Hemothorax: drain blood • Pneumothorax: drain air from the pleural space

  27. Outcomes for a Patient Following Removal of a Chest Tube • Patient remains free of respiratory distress. • The insertion site will remain clean and dry without evidence of infection. • Patient will experience adequate pain control during the removal process. • Lung sounds will be clear and equal bilaterally. • Patient will be able to increase activity tolerance gradually.

  28. Using a Bag and Mask (Handheld Resuscitation Bag)

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