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1 . common adj . n . 共同 ( 的 ) ;共用 in common(with)( 与 …… ) 共有;共用;共同 …… In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 像许多人一样,他喜欢古典音乐而不喜欢流行音乐。. 知识拓展 1)have sth. in common(with sb./sth.)( 与某人 / 某物 ) 有共同之处 in common with... 与 …… 有共同之处 common sense 常识
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1.common adj. n. 共同(的);共用 • in common(with)(与……)共有;共用;共同…… • In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop. • 像许多人一样,他喜欢古典音乐而不喜欢流行音乐。
知识拓展 • 1)have sth. in common(with sb./sth.)(与某人/某物)有共同之处 • in common with...与……有共同之处 • common sense 常识 • out of(the)common不平常的;非凡的 • common ground 共同出发点;共同立场
2)由介词in构成的短语 • in general 大体上;通常 • in particular(=particularly)特别地;尤其地 • in short 简言之 • in advance 预先;事先 • in detail 详细地 • in person 亲自 • in public 公开地 • in return 作为酬谢
词语辨析 • common, ordinary, general与usual • 1)common用于物,指“不稀奇;很平常”;用于指人“没有职业;不高贵”; • It has become common knowledge. • 这已成为众所周知的事情。
2)ordinary与common意思很相近,用于物指“天天发生的;很平常的;非常平淡的;无奇的”;用于人指“无特殊地位的;很一般的;没有优越感的”。2)ordinary与common意思很相近,用于物指“天天发生的;很平常的;非常平淡的;无奇的”;用于人指“无特殊地位的;很一般的;没有优越感的”。 • Although she was rich, she was always in ordinary dress. • 尽管她富有,但她总是穿着平常的衣服。
3)general用于物,指“包括一切的;很少有例外的”;用于人指“绝大多数人都适应的”。3)general用于物,指“包括一切的;很少有例外的”;用于人指“绝大多数人都适应的”。 • This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. • 这本书是为一般读者写的,不是为专家写的。 • 4)usual指“经常的;习惯的”,强调“习惯性的;符合规章制度的”或“一贯如此的”。 • He made the usual mistakes which all beginners make. • 他犯的就是那些初学者都犯的错误。
即学即用 • (1)They often quarrel________each other and don't have much________common. • A.about; onB.with; on • C.with; inD.on; in • 答案:Cquarrel with sb. “与某人吵架”;in common“有共同之处”。
(2)(2010·江西)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and________, dogs give us their all. • A.in all B.in fact • C.in short D.in return • 答案:D 句意:我们抽出时间、空间和爱给予狗,而狗回报给我们的则是它们的全部。A项意为“总共”,B项“实际上”,C项“简言之”,D项“作为报答”。
2.CUZNITE(See you tonight) • 这是网络英语聊天中的一种缩写。网络英语聊天中常见的缩写拼写还有: • ASAP:As soon as possible 尽快地 • BTW:By the way 随便问一下 • BBL:Be back later 稍后回来 • CU:See you 再见 • CUL:See you later 下次再会 • DIIK:Damned if I known 我的确不知 • DIY:Do it yourself 自己动手做 • FE:For example 示例
FYI:For your information 供参考 • IOW:In other words 换句话说 • LOL:Laughing out loudly 大声笑 • NRN:No reply necessary 不必回信 • RUOK:Are you OK? 你好吗? • PLZ(PLS):Please 请
3.instantly adv.立即地;即刻地 • ①She solved the question instantly. • 她立即解决了那个问题。 • ②The young man has an instantly recognizable face. • 这个年轻人长了一副一眼就可以认得出的面孔。
知识拓展 • 1)instantly作连词,意思是“一……就……”。(=the instant) • ①I telegraphed instantly I arrived there. • 我一到了那里就开始打电报。 • ②I recognized her instantly I saw her. • 我一看见她就把她认出来了。
2)instant (adj.) 立即的;紧迫的;刻不容缓的;(食品)速溶的;方便的 • ①He is a patient in instant need of first aid. • 他是一个急需抢救的病人。 • ②His new book became an instant success. • 他的新书立即获得了成功。 • ③The shop at the corner sells instant coffee. • 拐角那家商店销售速溶咖啡。
3)instant还可作名词,意为“瞬间;刹那;时刻”3)instant还可作名词,意为“瞬间;刹那;时刻” • 常用短语:at the instant 在那瞬间 • for an instant 瞬间 • in an instant 立即;一会儿之后 • 4)the instant(that)...是连词,意为“一……就……”。 • ①I sent you the news the instant(that)I heard it. • 我一听此消息,便通知你了。 • ②She began to cry the instant she read the letter. • 她一读那封信就哭了起来。
5)即可用做副词,又可用做从属连词的兼类词还有immediately和directly.5)即可用做副词,又可用做从属连词的兼类词还有immediately和directly. • ①I came here immediately after having my supper. • 我一吃完晚饭就来这里了。 • ②Return immediately you are done. • 事情一做完就回来。
即学即用 • 完成句子 • (1)You see the lightning ________ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. • A.the instant B.for an instant • C.on the instant D.in an instant • 答案:A 句意为:闪电一发生你就会看到,但过一会儿你才听到雷声。the instant (that) 相当于as soon as, 用来引导时间状语从句;其余各项仅能作状语。
(2)[译]我一看见她就把她认出来了。 • [误]I recognized her instantly when I caught a glimpse of her. • [正]I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her. • [正]I recognized her the moment I caught a glimpse of her. • [正]I recognized her as soon as I caugth a glimpse of her.
4.matter n. 问题;事情;为可数名词,侧重指一件考虑中的或需要解决的事情。 • This is a matter I know little about. • 这件事我不大知道。
知识拓展 • matter n. • 1)物质(不可数名词) • His special subject is the beginning of space, matter, and time. • 他研究的专题是空间、物质和时间的起源。 • 2)n. 麻烦事;毛病;此时常与the, something, nothing, anything, what等连用,也常与there be连用。 • Is there anything the matter? • 有什么事吗?
3)vi. 有关系;要紧;主要用于否定句和疑问句。 • ①It doesn't matter this time. • 这次不要紧。 • ②Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? • 工程师是男是女这重要吗? • 4)常用短语: • as a matter of fact事实上;实际上 • no matter wh无论…… • As a matter of fact, he was right. • 实际上,他是对的。 • No matter what advice I gave him, he wouldn't follow. • 无论我给他提什么建议,他就是不采纳。
即学即用 • The thing that________is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not. • A.matters B.cares C.considers D.minds • 答案:A
5.trace n.[U,C]痕迹,踪迹 • ①Ages have left traces on his face. • 岁月在他脸上留下了痕迹。 • ②The woman disappeared without trace. • 那女人无声无息地消失了。 • 知识拓展 • trace v.查出,找到,追溯 • trace back 追溯以往
词语辨析 • trace, trail, track
6.unique adj.独一无二的;独特的 • ①Each person's fingerprints are unique. • 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。 • ②The writer has a unique style. • 这个作家有独特的风格。
特别提示 • unique原来是“唯一的”之义,不可与more, most及very, rather等表示程度的副词连用,但实际上,在作衍生的“独特的”等语义讲时,则常与这些副词连用。 • His voice is very unqiue. • 他的声音非常独特。
知识拓展 • unique无比较级。 • 无比较级的形容词有以下几类: • a)表示性质、特征的形容词:atomic,political等; • b)表示独一无二的形容词:only,mere,unique等; • c)表示状态的形容词:afraid,asleep,alive等; • d)表示大小、极限、主次、上下等意义的形容词:main,minor等。
7.debate n.[U,C]/v.讨论;辩论 • ①This is a debate about the punishment for criminals. • 这是关于如何惩治罪犯的讨论。 • ②The government is debating the education laws. • 政府正在就教育法进行辩论。 • 知识拓展 • be under debate 正在讨论中 • debate sth. with sb. 与某人争论某事 • debate doing sth. 讨论做某事 • debate 后不接that从句
词语辨析 • debate, discuss, argue • debate辩论的目的在于说服对方。 • dicuss从不同的观点出发讨论某事。 • argue条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由。 • ①We can discuss the plan next meeting. • 我们可以在下次会议上讨论这个计划。 • ②Never argue with an artist. • 绝对不要和艺术家争论。 • ③The discussion turned into a furious debate. • 这场讨论变成了激烈的辨论。
1.as well as 是并列连词,意为“不仅……而且……;既……又……” • The girl is lively as well as healthy. • 这个女孩既健康又活泼。 • (1)A as well as B的意思是“不但B,而且A”,其重点在前者,而不在后者,而not only A but also B则强调后者,意为“不但A,而且B”。 • She is clever as well as beautiful. • =She is not only beautiful but also clever. • 她不仅漂亮而且聪明。
(2)as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,句子的谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。 • Your brother as well as you is very kind to me. • 你哥哥和你对我都很好。 • (3)as well as连接两个动词不定式时,如果第一个带to,第二个就不带to。 • We expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children. • 我们不仅指望她照看孩子,而且指望她做家务。
(4)as well as有时意为“与……一样好” • She cooks as well as her mother does. • 她烧菜和她妈妈烧得一样好。 • (5)as well表示“也”的意思,常放在句末,与too的位置相同。 • You may go there as well. • 你也可以去那里。
即学即用 • John plays football________, if not better than, David. • A.as well B.as well as • C.so well D.so well as • 答案:B 由于在空白处和David之间加了插入语if not better than,使题目的难度增加。如果把插入语去掉,答案就十分明了了。so well as只能用于否定句。
2.or rather=exactly speaking 更确切地说 • I will meet him, or rather I will ask him to meet me. • 我要会见他,或者更确切地说,我要请他来会见我。
知识拓展 • 1)rather than“而不是”;表示选择,常用于两个形容词、状语、名词或代词、动词ing形式或不定式之间。 • It's what he did rather than what he said that moved me. • 是他做的而不是他说的感动了我。 • 2)would rather=would prefer to“宁愿”;后跟不带to的不定式,常省略为'd rather。 • Who would rather clean the blackboard? • 谁愿擦黑板?
即学即用 • I came home very late,________(更确切地说),early this morning. • 答案:or rather
1.For example, within London the most famous dialect is cockney. • 例如,在伦敦最著名的方言是伦敦东区土话。 • within prep. 在……内;在……里面;在……内部;在……范围以内;在时间或距离限制的范围之内。 • ①He'll arrive within an hour. • 他在一个小时之内就会到达。 • ②We'd better live within our income. • 我们最好量入为出。
词语辨析 • within与in表达时间的区别 • 在一般将来时中within指期限之内,而in则指期限之外。 • ①Mr Black will return within a week. • 格林先生将在一周之内回来。 • ②Mr Black will return in a week. • 格林先生将在一周以后回来。
即学即用 • Success is____our grasp now.(现在成功已经在握). • 答案:within
2.It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart. • 把英国英语和美国英语分开来也很容易。 • tell...apart=tell...from...分辨;区分开来 • ①It is often hard to tell the twins apart.=It is often hard to tell one twin from the other. • 往往很难分辨双胞胎。 • ②Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? • 你能分辨出汤姆和他的孪生兄弟吗?
即学即用 • It seems difficult to________“hurt” from “injure” in meaning. • A.judge B.tell • C.divide D.separate • 答案:Btell...from...“区分;分清”。
3.English spread across the world over hundreds of years because of trade, exploration and business, and this process produced many different Englishes. • 因为贸易、探险和买卖,英语在世界范围内流传了几百年,这个过程也导致了许多不同种类的英语的产生。 • (1)over介词,(表示时间)在……期间;直到……过完 • Can't you stay over Sunday? • 你不能过了星期天再走吗? • over介词,还有以下用法:
1)在……上方 • There is a bridge over the river. • 河上有座桥。 • 2)(表示地位、职权、势力等)高于……;在……之上 • He is over me in the office. • 他的职务比我高。 • 3)(表示数目;程度)在……以上;超过…… • He has been here for over two years. • 他在这儿两年多了。
4)越过;横过;到……另一边 • He spoke to me over his shoulder. • 他转过头来跟我说话。 • 5)遍及;从头到尾经过 • Before the examination, I went over my notes. • 在考试前我把笔记从头到尾看了一遍。 • 6)在……方面;关于 • Debates arose over some technical questions. • 在一些技术问题上产生了争论。