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PSY 203

Principles of Growth Development. Cephalocaudal principle

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PSY 203

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    1. PSY 203 Chapter 4 Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

    2. Principles of Growth Development Cephalocaudal principle – head to foot Proximodistal principle – midline out Mass to specific principle – gross to fine Saltatory growth – grow in spurts

    3. Brain Development Cerebral cortex underdeveloped at birth Reciprocal influence – brain growth & environment affect each other Brain plasticity

    4. Parenting Nutrition Breast milk vs. formula Toys Toilet training

    5. Learning Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Reinforcement – positive & negative Punishment Extinction Imitation/Observational learning Habituation

    6. Motor Development Mary Shirley Chin up – 1 month Chest up – 2 months Reach & miss – 3 months Sit with support – 4 months Sit alone – 7 months Stand with help – 8 months Crawl/Creep – 7 - 10 months Pull to stand – 8 - 12 months Stand alone – 11 - 14 months Walk alone – 11 - 15 months

    7. Perceptual Development Hearing Language structure Vision Depth perception Visual cliff Patterns Faces

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