En Español I

1. En Español I 4-1 Notes Decir, Salir, Specialty Stores, Transportation, Prepositions of Location, Regular Tú Commands

2. Decir – to say/tell • To talk about what someone says, use the verb decir. The verb decir has several irregular forms in the present tense. Decir is an (e-i) stem changing verb. Also, it is a –go verb. • Note: decirque means “to say that.” This is used to state opinions. • Ex. Yodigoque el fútbolesmenosdivertidoque el hockey. • I say that soccer is less fun than hockey.

3. Decir – To say/Tell (e-i)

4. Salir – to leave/go out • To talk about leaving or going out somewhere, you use the verb salir. • Note: salir de means “to leave from.” This is used to say where you are leaving from. salirpara means “to leave for.” This is used to say what destination you are leaving for. • Ex. Yosalgo del café. I am leaving from the coffee shop. • Ex. Túsales para el café. You are leaving for the coffee shop.

5. Salir – To leave/Go out

6. TiendasEspeciales • El centrocomercial – vendetodo • La carnicería – vende carne • La farmacia – vendecosas de salud • La joyería – vendejoyas • La lavandería – lava ropa • La librería – vendelibros • La panadería – vende pan • La papelería – vendepapel, lápices, etc. • La pastelería – vende pastel y dulces • La tienda de música y videos – (duh?) • La zapatería – vendezapatos

7. TRansportación To say how you get from place to place, use ir + en + (way) • a pie • en autobús • en avión • en barco(crucero) • en bici(cleta) • en caballo • en camioneta/camión • en carro/coche • en metro • en moto(cicleta) • en taxi • en tren • on foot • by bus • by plane • by boat/cruise ship • by bike(bicycle) • by horse • by truck • by car (Mex./Sp.) • by subway • by motorcycle • by taxi • by train

8. Preposiciones de Locación Use these phrases with estar to describe where something is. • a la derecha (de) • a la izquierda (de) • delante (de) • detrás (de) • enfrente (de) • alrededor (de) • arriba • abajo • encima (de) • debajo (de) • porencima (de) • entre • to the right (of) • to the left (of) • in front (of) • behind • facing, in front (of) • around • up • down • on top (of) • below, underneath (of) • over (with motion) • between

9. Preposiciones de Locación (cont.) Use these phrases with estar to describe where something is. • lejos (de) • cerca (de) • al lado (de) • adentro • dentro de • afuera • fuera de • derecho • EXTRA WORDS • desde • hasta • aquí/allí, acá/allá • far (from) • close (to) • next to, beside (of) • inside • inside of • outside • outside of • straight ahead • from • up to, as far as • here/there

10. Regular Tú Commands • To tell someone you know, a younger person, or someone in your family what to do, use a Tú command. • Regular Tú commands are the same as the él/ella form of the verb. • Ex. Cantar – ¡Canta! Sing! • Ex. Comer – ¡Come! Eat! • Ex. Abrir - ¡Abre! Open!

11. Irregular Tú Commands • Decir- Di • Hacer- Haz • Poner- Pon • Salir - Sal • Venir – Ven • Tener – Ten • Ir – Ve • Ser - Sé • Say/Tell • Make/Do • Put/Place • Leave/go out • Come • Have/Be • Go • Be

12. The Irregular Tú Command SongTo the tune of Row, Row, Row Your Boat • Di, Haz, Pon y Sal • Ven, Ten, Ve y Sé • These are irregular tú commands. • Learn them right away!

13. Negative Tú Commands • Negative Tú Commands are formed from the yo form of the verb. Follow the formula: • Yo form, drop –o, add opposite vowel, add –s, add no out front • The opposite vowel for an –ar verb is –e • The opposite vowel for an –er or –ir verb is –a • Ex. Cantar – Canto – Cant – Cante – Cantes – No cantes • Ex. Comer – Como – Com – Coma – Comas – No comas • Ex. Abrir – Abro – Abr – Abra – Abras – No abras

14. Negative Tú Commands (cont.) • -car, -gar, -zar verbs have spelling changes for negative tú commands. • -car c-> qu No busques • -gar g-> gu No llegues • -zar z-> c No almuerces • Why do you think that this happens? • Irregulars for Negative Tú Commands: • No des (dar), No estés (estar), No seas (ser), No vayas (ir)

15. Student video from Youtube

16. Direct Object Pronouns • The direct object (D.O.) in a sentence receives the direct action of the verb. It answers one of two questions: 1) Who? or 2) What? • Ex. I eat the hamburger. I is the subject, eat is the verb and the hamburger is the D.O. answering the question- What do I eat? • Ex. They invite the girls. They is the subject, invite is the verb and the girls is the D.O. answering the question- Who do they invite?

17. Direct Object Pronouns The D.O. in the sentence can be replaced by a direct object pronoun (D.O.P.) Ex. I eat it (the hamburger). They invite them (the girls).

18. Direct Object Pronouns • Rule: With a simple verb (como) the D.O.P. is placed before the conjugated verb. • Ex. I eat it (the hamburger). Yola como. • Ex. They invite us. Ellosnosinvitan.

19. Commands with object pronouns When using an O.P. with an affirmative command, you must attach the O.P. to the end of the command. Usually this requires you to add an accent to the second to last syllable of the original command. (Not when command is one syllable) Ex. Eat it (the hamburger). ¡Cómela!

20. Commands with object pronouns When using an O.P. with a negative command, the O.P. goes between the No and the command. You do not need an accent for these commands. Ex. Don’t eat it (the hamburger)! ¡No la comas!

21. ¡Gracias porsuatención! El fin