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Peer-to-Peer Television for the Next Generation Networks. Alex Bikfalvi Universidad Carlos III de Madrid IMDEA Networks Institute. Who am I?. Doctoral student at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Engineering degree from Universitatea Tehnic ă din Cluj-Napoca (Romania)
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Peer-to-Peer Televisionfor theNext Generation Networks Alex Bikfalvi Universidad Carlos III de Madrid IMDEA Networks Institute
Who am I? • Doctoral student at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid • Engineering degree from Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca (Romania) • Network management, measurements and quality of service • Part of work done at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 2006 2007 • Research assistant at the IMDEA Networks Institute (Madrid) • Peer-to-peer networks, content distribution 2008 • Master degree from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid • Peer-to-peer video in next generation networks 2012 • Expected doctoral degree at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid • Peer-to-peer television for the IP Multimedia Subsystem • Video-on-demand, peer-to-peer caching, user behavior, content-centric networks
This Talk • It puts together four research topics Internet Protocol Television Peer-to-Peer Streaming Next Generation Networks Performance Enhancements
Part 1 Internet Protocol Television
Introduction • What is Internet Protocol television or IPTV? • It begins with broadcast television • Analog or digital (ATSC, DVB) • Terrestrial, satellite, cable
Internet Protocol Television • IPTV: TV channel audio/video over IP • Content encoded in digital form, transmitted as packets • Convergence of services: broadcast, video-on-demand • Economics: only 1-2 channels streamed to the user • Bandwidth requirements • Congestion and packet losses • Delay during channel changes: buffering, decoding
Walled Gardens • Most IPTV providers use a dedicated infrastructure • Uses IP multicast for all TV channels
Part 2 Peer-to-Peer Streaming
The Internet in... 2004 • P2P traffic was 60% and rising • ISPs identified P2P as a major challenge in network design • It affects the QoS for all users • Mostly, file-sharing: BitTorrent, eDonkey, Kad, Gnutella Source: Cache Logic “P2P in 2005”
The Internet in... 2007 • Since late 2000’s, web traffic was gaining share back Source: Magid Media Futures survey (2007)
In 2007 and... today • More than a third of the HTTP traffic is video streaming • YouTube is the most popular; counts for around 20% • That’s about 10% of all Internet traffic 2007 Source: Magid Media Futures survey (2007) • Internet video, the new broadband killer application? • More ***Tube service providers? • User generated content and commercial content
Today and beyond • Cisco: Entering the Zettabyte Era • Video surpassed peer-to-peer in 2010 • Forecasts fourfold increase over the next three years 2011 Source: Cisco (2011)
Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Sending video content is expensive • Applications target many receivers • We need support in the transport network • What are the options? • Internet Protocol multicast • Content distribution network (servers) • Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Application layer multicast • Emulates the IP multicast tree • The clients or peers in charge of packet forwarding
Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Multiple application layer multicast trees • Increases participation and bandwidth granularity • It coordinates multiple trees
Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Mesh or data-driven • Video stream divided into segments • A unique tree for each segment
Part 3 Next Generation Networks
The Next Generation... • One network, many services • Economic reasons: bandwidth is a low margin business • Convergence: legacy networks to an all IP
IP Multimedia Subsystem • A platform for IP multimedia services • Initially designed by 3GPP as an evolution of GSM/UMTS • Currently extended to many more access networks • Core of a NGN
Quality of Service • Before communication • User equipments establish a multimedia session • Like a handshake, and indicates the session characteristics • Uses the Session Initiation Protocol
Peer-to-Peer Television in IMS • User equipments leverage their upload bandwidth • Available bandwidth not contracted by the user
Business Model • The P2PTV complements other streaming techniques • A P2PTV provider in charge of coordinating peer resources
Streaming Overlay • P2PTV peer coordination example • Three streams belonging to one or more TV channels
Part 4 Performance Enhancements
Main Challenges • Signaling delay • Need to establish a multimedia session between peers • Assures QoS but time expensive • Peer churn • Departure of a UE peer generates streaming interruptions • In television, amplified by channel changes • Application server • Coordinates peer participation
Fast Signaling • Foster peers with established but inactive sessions • Initiated by the application server • Estimates the necessary number of inactive sessions based on user demand
Low Churn • Decouple viewing from uploading • Based on a previous work • We adapt the bandwidth allocation algorithm
Summary • Internet Protocol Television • TV channels transmitted as packets with the Internet Protocol • Pros and cons • Walled gardens • Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Rationale given expected increase in video usage • Alternative to IP multicast and content distribution networks • Tree or mesh • Next Generation Networks • One network, many services • IP Multimedia Subsystem, an NGN implementation • P2PTV in IMS: rationale, business model & design • Performance Enhancements • Main issues of P2PTV in IMS: delay & churn • Fast signaling • Primary and secondary streams