Christo VENTER Associate Professor christo.venter@up.ac.za University of Pretoria

1. CODATU XIIDECENTRALIZED COOPERATION FOR URBAN TRANSPORT: EXPERIENCING DIRECT COOPERATION BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS WORLDWIDE5-7 July 2006Lyon (France)SESSION 7Accessibility: the social dimension of sustainable transport TOWARDS INCLUSIVE CITIES IN SOUTH AFRICAImplementation logjams and emerging approaches through cooperation Christo VENTERAssociate Professorchristo.venter@up.ac.za University of Pretoria www.codatu.org www.cemt.org

2. Objectives • Implementation logjams • Logjam examples: Accessible transport • Unjamming: Emerging local planning approaches • Unjamming: Intergovernmental coordination • Conclusions

3. Problem diagnosis Institutional mismatch- preoccupation with form, structure Implementation paralysis- policy overload - inability to find common ground among multiple stakeholders Massive policy revamps- sustainability - equity, human rights Accelerating challenges- social upliftment, poverty relief - economic competitiveness - “world stage” issues (2010 World Cup)

4. Example: Accessible transport • National: non-discrimination legislation • Technical standards & guidelinese.g. “Enhancing mobility of disabled people” (ORN 21) • Disjointed modal initiatives: • Minibus-taxis: 100% government-sponsored fleet renewal – accessible standards or not? Source: SA Fed Council Disability, 2001

5. Example: Accessible transport • National: non-discrimination legislation • Technical standards & guidelinese.g. “Enhancing mobility of disabled people” (ORN 21) • Disjointed modal initiatives: • Commuter/ long distance buses: all new buses at least “Class 1” (ambulatory) accessibility – wheelchair access optional

6. Example: Accessible transport • National: non-discrimination legislation • Technical standards & guidelinese.g. “Enhancing mobility of disabled people” (ORN 21) • Disjointed modal initiatives: • Commuter rail: Ad hoc station improvements

7. Example: Accessible transport • National: non-discrimination legislation • Technical standards & guidelinese.g. “Enhancing mobility of disabled people” (ORN 21) • Disjointed modal initiatives: • Dial-a-Ride: City of Cape Town funding 17-vehicle operation

8. Emerging local planning approach • Identification of high priority, strategic public transport networks - Road/rail based, high traffic volumes- All-day, “backbone” service- Partial or complete priority for PT- Supported by feeder networks • Incremental implementation - Route by route- Includes pedestrian infrastructure, PT priority, improved vehicle standards, security, enforcement - Creates focus for accessibility improvements -- full access to support entire trip chain

9. Emerging local planning approach • Example: Cape Town Key corridors identified in “Mobility Strategy” First corridor for BRT implementation New buses on primary corridors to be low-floor or low-entry articulated Implementation delays due to political problems & lack of coordination

10. Emerging local planning approach • Example: JohannesburgStrategic Public Transport Network

11. Natl. Council for Persons With Physical Disabilities SA DEAFSA Coronationville Hospital M1 Park Station RAU WITS Highgate Mall Helen Joseph Hospital CBD New Canada Station Phefeni Station Soweto Workshop for the Blind Coronationville Special Training Centre Phumla Spec School Dube Station N1 Ghandi Square Bus terminal Soweto Highway Roode- poort Rd Walter Sisulu Child & Youth Centre Accessible Nodes Major Transport Interchanges Provincial Hospitals Priority Origins and Destinations Soweto International Sports Complex for the Disabled Figure 4: Example: Soweto-Johannesburg CBD accessible corridor Emerging local planning approach • Example: Johannesburg

12. Emerging model for intergovernmental coordination • Development & adoption of Gauteng Intergovernmental Transport Charter – high-level agreement of objectives, functions, responsibilities among government entities • Key insights: - Success is only achievable through high levels of joint planning & coordination- First need clear identification of functions & responsibilities of various government entities- Then sort out institutional arrangements later (“Form follows function”)- Implementation should be local, unless economies of scale or geographic nature dictates otherwise- Pay attention to political champions

13. Conclusions • Mismatch of institutions with functional requirements of delivery is a key constraint to transport improvement • Some success achieved in first sorting out function, and then designing form to follow function • Incremental planning and deployment of public transport corridors, taking account of • Infrastructure (especially priority for PT) • Operations, regulation & enforcement • Accessible trip chains from origin to destination • Need for officials/implementers to learn as they do

14. Acknowledgments City of Johannesburg, Bob Stanway, Johannesburg News Agency Gauteng Department of Public transport, Roads & Works, Lisa Seftel & Mar Somaru City of Cape Town, Jim Stanbury CSIR