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Neurocysticercosis ( cysticercosis )

Neurocysticercosis ( cysticercosis ). Krizia del Rosario April 12, 2012. http://www.human-healths.com/taenia-solium/taenia-solium.php. Caused by larval cysts ( cysticerci ) of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. http://www.human-healths.com/taenia-solium/taenia-solium.php.

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Neurocysticercosis ( cysticercosis )

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  1. Neurocysticercosis(cysticercosis) Krizia del Rosario April 12, 2012 • http://www.human-healths.com/taenia-solium/taenia-solium.php

  2. Caused by larval cysts (cysticerci) of the pork tapeworm Taeniasolium • http://www.human-healths.com/taenia-solium/taenia-solium.php • Sciutto et al. Microbes and Infection 2000. 2: 1875-1890 • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457900013368

  3. Endemic in Mexico, Central and South America, and parts of Africa, Asia and India http://www.astrium.com/Cysticercose.html

  4. Spread via the oral-fecal route • Spread by T. soliumeggs via food, water or surfaces contaminated with infected feces. • Less commonly spread via autoinfection

  5. Life Cycle of Taeniasolium http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/biology.html

  6. The cyst undergoes 4 distinct stages DeGiorgio et al. Epilepsy Currents 2004, 4: 107-111 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176337/

  7. Stage 1: Vesicular cyst DeGiorgio et al. Epilepsy Currents 2004, 4: 107-111 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176337/

  8. Stage 2: Colloidal cyst DeGiorgio et al. Epilepsy Currents 2004, 4: 107-111 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176337/

  9. Stage 3: Nodular cyst DeGiorgio et al. Epilepsy Currents 2004, 4: 107-111 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176337/

  10. Stage 4: Calcified cyst DeGiorgio et al. Epilepsy Currents 2004, 4: 107-111 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176337/

  11. Seizures occur in 70-90% of symptomatic patients • Severe complications: • Intracranial hypertension • Hydrocephalus • Chronic meningitis • Cranial nerve abnormalities

  12. Serological testing, CT scans and MRI scans are used to detect neurocysticercosis Source: http://reference.medscape.com/features/slideshow/neurocysticercosis

  13. How do we treat this disease? • Antihelminthic medications • Co-administration of anti-inflammatories • Anticonvulsant therapy to manage seizures • Surgery

  14. Co-administration of albendazole and dexamethasone is the first-line treatment • Albendazole • Praziquantel

  15. Prevention is essential to decreasing prevalence in developing countries • Strict meat inspection regulations • Sewage treatment and disposal • Health education

  16. Is it possible to break the life cycle? http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/biology.html

  17. YES! http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/biology.html

  18. YES! http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/biology.html

  19. YES! http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/biology.html

  20. Is there a vaccine? • The S3Pvac vaccine has been developed against porcine cysticercosis to break the transmission cycle. • Effective, but not yet widely used.

  21. Future Goals • By 2015: • Strategy for control and elimination T. solium • By 2020: • Interventions scaled up in Africa, Asia and Latin America for T. solium control and elimination Accelerating Work to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases

  22. References 1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001651/ 2. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/ 3. http://www.who.int/zoonoses/diseases/taeniasis/en/ 4. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0701/p91.html 5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176337/pdf/epc_43008.pdf 6. http://www.galvmed.org/news-resources/content/global-collaboration-produce-vaccine-help-prevent-epilepsy-developing-world 7. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X12001934/1-s2.0-S0264410X12001934-main.pdf?_tid=06eeb4b047aadd2d242c65ea01540446&acdnat=1333505466_80197ca3184403236770733b6b663675 8. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X06003379 9. http://www.springerlink.com/content/675385504w070160/fulltext.pdf 10. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2012/WHO_HTM_NTD_2012.1_eng.pdf 11. http://www.ajtmh.org/content/72/1/3/F2.expansion?ck=nck 12. http://neurosurgery.ucla.edu/body.cfm?id=186 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176337/ 14. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457900013368 15. http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-neurology/volume-7-number-1/epilepsy-neurocysticercosis-and-poverty-at-mphumaze-and-marhambeni-locations-in-south-africa.html 16. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0011287 17. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1168784-overview

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